Evangelische Akademie Loccum 25. – 27. Juni 2007 Energie & Armut Aufbau und Betrieb dezentraler Versorgungsstrukturen auf der Grundlage regenerativer Energieträger als Aufgabe für kleine, mittelständische Unternehmen, im Rahmen internationaler Zusammenarbeit Heinz -W. Böhnke www.TECHNOSOL.de Evangelische Akademie Loccum 25. – 27. Juni 2007

Energie & Armut Energie ist nicht Ursache oder Abhilfe von Armut vielmehr eine von mehreren Voraussetzungen für Produktivität und so eine politische Versorgungsaufgabe Versorgung mit Brenn-/Treibstoff gilt nicht als öffentliche Aufgabe wenig politische Unterstützung Versorgung mit Strom ist öffentliches Mandat liegt im politischen Spannungsfeld arme / unwirtschaftliche Regionen werden zuletzt versorgt hohes finanzielles und technisches Risiko für private Betreiber

Versorgungskonzepte Dynamische Versorgungskonzepte orientieren sich an Bedarf und Wachstum spezifisches Angebot arm < > reich Ausbau (mehr Leistung) Ausweitung (mehr Nutzer) There is no single supply model satisfying all customers all the time. The dynamic supply concept for a focal area supports the growth of the individual demand by keeping the systems extendable, and it mostly results in an expanded spread of users into the area. The users can be expected to increase their demand from a BCS or a single panel system to multi-panel systems, several larger units will eventually form a focus which is even viable for centralized electrification, while the fringes expand being served with various levels of decentralized supply systems.

Energiekosten verkaufen schenken finanzieren Qualität, Nachfrage schenken Nutzen, Angebot finanzieren Organisation, Kondition, Bonität Kosten der Versorgung, Wartung

Energienutzen Produktive Anwendungen Wenige Referenzen Hohes Potenzial Batterieladung Trocknung Stromerzeugung Wenige Referenzen Technische Risiken, Marktbedingungen Hohes Potenzial Unternehmerische Anforderung, verbesserte Bedingungen Potenzial produktiver Nutzung

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PV Options Village Lantern System 50W

PV Options Battery Charging Station 200W

PV Options Solar Home System 70W

Opportunity Equivalents Grid vs. PV Electrification 4.500 $ / km tieline 2 $/M minimum fee PV 460 $ / SHS 7,5 $ / Month service fee 12-6 % Interest No Subsidy Centralized village power plants have been introduced early and largely failed not for technical reasons, butin their management. When reduced to mini-centrals they could be feasible. Solar home systems cater best for individual demands. Battery Charging units can be operated commercially for small demands. Village Lantern concepts cover very small demand for lighting and radio Supplying entire “solar villages” failed, when they were largely subsidizedand when individual demand variations were not addressed. A dynamic expansion with various supply units is more sustainable.

Objectives Reliable Affordable Manageable Availability of monitored Systems > 98 % Component Lifetime Longer than Assumed Affordable Systems for Small Residential Load Highly Attractive Various User-Friendly Financing Schemes Available Manageable Utilities / User Groups Manage Operation, Collection Management Offers Increased Local Labour Content

Potential of Rural Photovoltaic Electrification Improved Service Rural Employment Productivity of Rural Citizens Productivity of Rural Energy Sector Technical Advancement, New Economies The Least Cost Service to Rural People ... but it is not available for free !

Barriers Participants are not Aware NGOs Institutional Impediments Says who: NGOs Aid Agencies Politicians Banks Universities Participants are not Aware Institutional Impediments People Cannot Afford No Financing Available No Technical Adaptation

Lessons Learned Objective Site Appraisal Consistent Information Swift, Strict Implementation Enforcement of Regulations Regular Monitoring

Interventions Workshops Conferences Long-Term Training Individual Business Management, Marketing, Technology, Quality, Tenders Conferences Policy Development, Financing, Standards, Exhibitions Long-Term Training Courses Wind Energy / Solar Energy Project Manager Individual RET-Promotion, Press Briefing, Business Tours Private Public Partnerships Clean Development Mechanism The interventions of InWent are always matched to the particular requirements of the country and the local stakeholders. Consultative workshops aim to reflect the local demand profile as closely as possible. A variety of tools, from local to regional workshops and conferences, to individual promotion support etc. exist as a base for the most appropriate form of such a training cooperation. Entrepreneurs investing in RET related training receive co-financing and support under a Public-Private Partnership scheme, and on even larger scale international financing is available for Co2 mitigation projects under a CDM scheme.