Amplified pressure CRS with hydraulic hybrid potential Wieso bislang kein Druckverstärker (DV) ? Gründe / CRS-Vergleich : kein pmax-Vorteil höhere Kosten falls zwei Magnetventile (APCRS für „Weltmotor“ Daimler-Actros): keine pmax-Nacheinspritzung (Steuergerät-Leistung zu gering) aufwendiger Zylinderkopf (Injektor-Bauraum, Rücklaufanbindung) Boot-Verlauf unnötig für hochaufgeladene Motoren (MAN,Volvo...) schlechter Gesamtwirkungsgrad (3/2-Ventil, A/Z- und F-Drossel) falls ein (2/2-)Magnetventil als Servoventil für 3/2-Druckverstärker-Ventil : Wirkungsgrad () verschlechtert , wegen : A/Z-Drosseln am 3/2-Ventil (Kurzschluss Rail/Rücklauf) Kurzschluss Rail/Rücklauf beim Schaltvorgang des 3/2 verlangsamte Öffnungsbewegung des Ventils notwendig: wegen PI und Kleinstmengen => zusätzlich   flacher Ramp-Verlauf nachteilig für Nacheinspritzung DV-Kolben startet immer => Druckschwingungen kritisch für PI und Kleinmengen   (DV-Rückbefüllung) falls ein 3/2-Magnetventil als Servoventil 2/2-DV-Ventil : vorteilhafte DV-Wiederbefüllung (über kleineres 3/2), jedoch weiterhin Nachteile (s. o. : verlangsamte Öffnungsbewegung, DV-Kolben-Start) Die obigen Nachteile entfallen bei den neuen Konzepten : pmax  : Düse mit zentralem Zulauf und Zwischenhub + DV-Maßnahmen Kosten<CRS : hohes Druckübersetzer-Verhältnis => Pumpe… einfach 3/2-Magnetventil als Servoventil + DV-Maßnahmen => ramp (für PI, Qmin) jedoch square mit pmax (für Nacheinspritzungen) DV-Kolben „klebt“ zu Beginn (Druckflächenreduzierung oder 2 DV) Weitere Vorteile: wesentlich bessere Robustheit (T, Nadelschließkräfte , Dichtflächen) System-Gesamtwirkungsgrad besser als CRS Injektor-Bauraum wie CRS (optional: NKW-Düsenschaft- wieder 9mm) optionale Hydraulikpumpe (ok: Trennung Kraftstoff/Hydrauliköl <-> CAT): Hydrauliköl, Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion, Gasmembrandruckspeicher… Bremsenergiespeicherung, Hilfsantriebe im Fahrzeug, Federung… Kraftstoff-Wechsel im Motorbetrieb, Fluid für Ansteuerung bleibt gleich Kühlung/Heizung des Injektors umsetzbar (Cracken, Viskosität, Q)

Amplified pressure CRS with hydraulic hybrid potential New concept: 3/2-solenoid-valve commands amplifier-2/2-valve and nozzle control-valve as (3/2-solenoid-valve) multifunction interlock: -pressure separation -seatplate for 2/2-valve -fenceplate -> amplifier moderation only at the beginning of amplifier-movement => coupled post injection with maximal pressure fuel-pump pressure-interlock (optional with seal) => inner and outer pressure-area 2/2-valve control chamber tank outer-area usefull as amplifier-delay for PI 2/2-valve needle: hollow coaxial to interlock => big cross-section connection= optional back-pressure-valve (amplifier-refilling caused by 3/2-valve) delay-throttle nozzle (pmax ): central inlet needle with upper and lower guide guide washer to create 2 lifts control-hole amplifier control-chamber guide => better spring-stability => higher amplifier-lift nozzle control-chamber 2. spring next to amplifier-cylinder => shorter injector guide washer and spring optional second lift first lift pressureless => pmax,nozzle  sprayholes outside of needle-seat => more holes on bigger diameter lower guidance => optimal spray Simulation of new concept see page 5

Amplified pressure CRS with hydraulic hybrid potential New concept: Injector activated for postinjection (PI): control-valve opens for PI (deactivation to finish the PI after nozzle-opening) On outer-area acts only tank-pressure => hydraulic force  2/2-valve connect amplifier control-chamber with tank p1 p2 ~p2 delay-throttle becomes the squeeze after a certain nozzlelift => amplifier stays in start-position till: p2 (under the delay throttle) << p1 (upper the throttle) If 3/2 is deactivated before=> end of PI pressure in control-chamber  => nozzle opens only at first lift, due to the spring/mass or/and the remaining pressure in control-chamber (s. page 8) second lift is still left during the first lift -> needleseat-throttling decreases and gets smaler than the throttling at the delay-throttle => p2  Simulation of new concept see page 5

Amplified pressure CRS with hydraulic hybrid potential New concept: Injector activated for maininjection (MI): control-valve opens again to activate the MI (after finishing PI by deactivation of the 3/2-valve) By maintained-activation of the 3/2 => amplifier starts working, leaves the pressure-interlock and moderation (with included ramp-function) After leaving: MI with pmax To interupt MI: deactivation of the 3/2-valve for coupled post injection: reactivation of the 3/2-valve. pmax immediatly because the pressure-interlock and moderation are not active (the piston has not returned yet at the start-position) 2/2-valve completely opened, due to amplifier movement and optional spring optional spring MI-finish: the needle closes till contact (guide washer with lift-washer). Completly closed if p-amplifier  => geometrically garanted safety Needle in fence, due to p-AMPLIFIER (pmax) under the nozzle-needle lift-washer Simulation of new concept see page 5

Amplified pressure CRS with hydraulic hybrid potential Closed injector with hydraulic pump (only nozzle with diesel-fuel) If p-FUEL-PUMP > p-HYDRAULIC-PUMP => no polution of the fuel is possible distance sleeve hydraulical reset-piston with bigger pressure surface than amplifier piston =>hydraulical reset => pmax  (no springforce against piston-movement / spring = optional) pressureless chamber, evacuation with many possibilities optional spring

Amplified pressure CRS with hydraulic hybrid potential Cooling (or heating) circuit for injector with hydraulical reset-piston hydraulical reset-piston

Amplified pressure CRS with hydraulic hybrid potential Injector with hydraulic pump and two amplifiers (for smal pump pressure) If p-FUEL-PUMP > p-HYDRAULIC-PUMP => no polution of the fuel is possible Injector is here activated for PI and/or smal Qhyd important throttle (to generate p-control to keep the amplifier-valve intermeadiately closed) p2 If the plunger moves in cross-section => p2  and p-control  (amplifier-valve opens) => big amplifier starts moving => pmax => nozzle opens completely

Amplified pressure CRS with hydraulic hybrid potential Injector with hydraulic pump, only serving for the amplifier fuel for example : hydraulic-oil or oil-in-water-emulsion …