Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 1 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Sustainable Design of Geopolymers - Integration of Economic and Environmental Aspects in the Early Stages of Material Development Marcel Weil, Katja Dombrowski, Anja Buchwald

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 2 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Development of Geopolymers supported by System Analysis A. Buchwald Bauhaus Uni. Weimar K. Dombrowski TU Freiberg M.Weil Forschungs- zentrum Karlsruhe materials

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 3 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS What Are Geopolymers? Alumosilicatic polymeric binders Binder Ability to build non- crystalline networks (molecules) Silicate: Si-O-Si Aluminate: Al-O-Al

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 4 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Geopolymer Binder Geopolymer Setting Mixing Binding material: Metakaolin Slag Fly ash Activated clay... Solid Alkaline activator: NaOH/KOH Sodium water glass Potassium water glass... + Water Fluid

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 5 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Geopolymer - high strength - resistance against acids - temperature resistance - cold setting - quick setting technical performance environmental impact costs (LCC) - use of secondary raw materials - extended lifetime

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 6 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Geopolymer - high strength - resistance against acids - temperature resistance - cold setting - quick setting technical performance environmental impact costs (LCC) - use of secondary raw materials - extended lifetime

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 7 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Material Development

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 8 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Goal Selection and optimisation of the most promising geopolymer compositions for specific fields of application by the use of system analytical tools

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 9 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Approach 3 rd Step: Detailed LCA, LCC, and optimisation of most promising geopolymers 1 st Step: Screening of mineral raw materials 2 nd Step: Streamlined LCA, LCC, and key properties of geopolymers 1 2 3

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 10 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Situation: 58 raw materials (35)

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 11 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Raw materials Secondary resources Ceramic waste materials tiles sanitary porcelain kiln lining material Ashes hard coal ash soft coal ash sewage sludge ash Slags blast furnace slag steel slag copper slag municipal waste slag Others broken down masonry brick scrap glass industry waste Primary resources Clays kaolinitic clays ilitic clay dolomitic clay Volcanic deposits trass tuff basalt

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 12 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Task: Screening of raw materials What should not happen: Loosing valuable candidates Strategies: 1. Select a group of promising candidates 2. Use different methods for the screening process Situation: 58 raw materials (35)

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 13 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Non-compensatory method Without weighting of the indicators and objectives Compensatory method With weighting of the technical indicators and the objectives technology, economy, ecology/health Methodes selection of dominant alternatives ranking order Pre- selection

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 14 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Approach 1 st Step (screening raw materials)

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 15 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Indicators Technical - reactivity (quantitative) - mechanical strength (quantitative) - resistance against acids (qualitative) - temperature resistance (quantitative) - setting time (quantitative) - workability (qualitative) - handling (qualitative)

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 16 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Indicators Economy - raw material costs (quantitative) - costs of the thermal activation of raw materials (qualitative) - costs of grinding raw materials (qualitative) - follow-up costs caused by slow setting (qualitative) - follow-up costs caused by high water absorption (qualitative) Ecology/Health - availability/consumption of mineral resources (quantitative) - consumption of energy resources (qualitative) - toxic load (qualitative) - health and safety at the workplace (qualitative)

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 17 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Compensatory method - Application fields

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 18 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Screening (Compensatory method)

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 19 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Compensatory method Specifications of the application P1 P2... Pn AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process)

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 20 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Ranking order of the alternatives for different application fields Problem: Determination of the cut-off level Compensatory method

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 21 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Results (compensatory method)

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 22 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Non-compensatory method „dominance concept“ No weighting of objectives No consideration of application field

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 23 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS X X X X „dominance concept“ ° A3 ° A1 ° A4 ° A8 ° A2 ° A6 ° A7 ° A9 ° A5 ° A12 ° A10 ° A11 ° A14 ° A15 ° A13 technology economy Ecology/ Health Stage 1 (preselection)

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 24 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS „dominant concept“

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 25 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Conclusions Introduction of Life Cycle Thinking in the early phase of material development is possible Preselection is important step too strong -> exclusion of valuable alternatives too weak -> additional work, costs, … Compensatory methods allows a good decision support in screening phase Dominance concept is a powerful tool for a rough screening

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft Folie: 26 Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS Thank You