Communication 2 CASE STUDIES:

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Communication 2 CASE STUDIES: The evolution of the honeybee dance language

Karl von Frisch 1886-1982 (Nobel prize 1973)

How does the dance encode direction?

Prof. Lindauer goes to the tropics

Apis cerana – the Asian hive bee                                                                  

Apis dorsata – the giant honeybee (or rock bee) up to 1 inch long

Apis florea – the dwarf honeybee dorsata and florea in comparison

Apis florea (dwarf honeybee) nest dances are performed on the horizontal surface, waggle run directly oriented to the food source

The evolution of the dance language

Forager behavior Dornhaus & Chittka, Nature 1999 Excited running for 13s to 10min (average 2,6 min)

From: Chittka & Dornhaus 1999

How can we measure the adaptive benefits of communication? The bee dance language as a model

Jamming the information content of the waggle dance

oriented dance disoriented dance

Measuring foraging success Daily weight changes of a beehive can be measured on a scale - this reflects mostly nectar intake Gewichtsänderungen könne groß sein: bis zu 2kg am Tag Gewinn und einem knappen Kilo Verlust bei einem 10frame Stock -> das kann nur Nektrareintrag bzw. Honigverbrauch sein. Möglichst große Wintervorräte limitierend für Erfolg laut Literatur In unseren Tests: Gewichtsänderung abhängig vom Angebot, bei höherem Angebot mehr eingetragen Ausserdem messen wir die Nektarladungen von einzelnen Sammlerinnen, um den Nektareintrag pro Zeit und Sammlerin zu bestimmen. 12,035 kg

Temperate habitat (Central European)

Temperate habitat (Mediterranean)

Tropical habitat (India) - days of high nectar intake are missing without location communication

Benefits of dance communication are limited to the tropical habitat

temperate

tropical

Spatial aggregation in tropical and temperate habitats Tropics Temperate

The honeybees originated in tropical Asia