Wind Energie in Korea - Status und Ausblick - Prof. Emeritus Dr.-Ing. Chunghwan Chun Pohang University of Science and Technology Wissenschaftlicher Gespraechskreis(WGK) am 21. Mai 2007 im Goethe-Institut, Seoul

Uebersicht I.Energiesituation in Korea und die Anteile der Erneuerbaren II.Stand der Windenergienutzung in Deutschland und kuenftige Entwicklung III.Stand der Windenergie in Korea 1.Wo stehen die Windparks und wie gross sind sie? 2.Wie gross ist das Windpotential? 3.Welche WEA-Prototypen sind bereits entwickelt? 4.Was wird gefoerdert und wie gross ist das Budget? IV.Ausblick 1.Windparks in Entwicklung und Planung 2.Multi-Megawatt WEA in Entwicklung 3.Ziele der Erneuerbaren bis Aktionsplan und der Foerderungs-Etat bis 2012 V.Liste der Quellen der verwendeten Vorlagen

I. Energiesiesituation in Korea und die Anteile der Erneuerbaren

Wind Energie in Korea Energy Status of Korea High dependency on energy imports Imports about 97% of the energy used More than 80% of oil from the Middle East Source : MOCIE Import from the Middle East of total oil Oil in total energy Overseas Energy Dependency Classification Energy Imports ( unit : % ) I. Energiesiesituation in Korea und die Anteile der Erneuerbaren

Wind Energie in Korea But still higher energy intensity compared to advanced countries Primary energy consumption * 80~90s over 7.5% from ~5% Improvement of energy intensity since 97 (IEA, '04) 80s 90s '97 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 ' Primary Energy Consumption (Mil. TOE) Energy Intensity (TOE/1000$, '00 price) Energy Status of Korea I. Energiesiesituation in Korea und die Anteile der Erneuerbaren

Wind Energie in Korea Achievements In NRE NRE/Total Energy Consumption is 2.27% (2006, tentative) 8 PV 4, Wind Solar Thermal 221 Bio Hydro Waste % Amount (1000toe) Resource Targeting 5% of Total Energy Consumption by Geothermal Hydro 17.8% Bio 4.1% Wind 1.2% Solar Thermal 0.6% PV 0.2% Geothermal 0.2% Waste 76.0 % I. Energiesiesituation in Korea und die Anteile der Erneuerbaren

II. Stand der Windenergienutzung in Deutschland und kuenftige Entwicklung

Wind Energie in Korea Installierte Leistung II. Stand der Windenergienutzung in Deutschland und kuenftige Entwicklung

Wind Energie in Korea Top 5 in 2006 in Deutschland Niedersachsen Schleswig- Holstein 4 Brandenburg Nordrhein- Westfalen 5 Sachsen-Anhalt Install. Leistung Gesamt MW Bundesland 5.282, , , , ,01 Brandenburg Nordrhein- Westfalen 4 Niedersachsen Rheinland-Pfalz 5 Sachsen-Anhalt Install. Leistung ~ MW Bundesland 508,60 167,70 377,98 182,10 339,75 Sachsen-Anhalt Niedersachsen 4 Schleswig- Holstein Brandenburg 5 Mecklenburg- Vorpommern Anteil am Netto- stromverbrauch % Bundesland 37,51 18,98 34,87 28,05 33,37 II. Stand der Windenergienutzung in Deutschland und kuenftige Entwicklung

Wind Energie in Korea Anteil des potentiellen Jahresenergieertrags aus WEA am Nettostromverbrauch II. Stand der Windenergienutzung in Deutschland und kuenftige Entwicklung

Wind Energie in Korea The companies Polled Expect a Market for …. II. Stand der Windenergienutzung in Deutschland und kuenftige Entwicklung

III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

1. Wo stehen die Windparks und wie gross sind sie?

Wind Energie in Korea Operating Wind Farms in Korea Installed capacity by 2005 is about 100 MW with 108 turbines Yeong Deok and Dae Gwan Ryung shares 68% (67.6 MW) of total supply of wind energy 105,12028,000142MW~ 217,01399,772108Total 2,9041,7503~600kW 52,19823,83532 ~1 MW 99,86445,60028 ~2 MW ~200kW ~100kW RangeUnit Capacity (kW) Energy (MWh) III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

Wind Energie in Korea Large Wind Farms in Korea Site locationYoung Deok, Gyeongbuk Wind park capacity39.6 MW Estimated AEP96,680 MWh/year WTG modelNM82 (V82) WTG type classIEC IIB Number of WTG units MW Weibull parameterShape factor (A) : 7.8 Scale factor (k) : 1.98 Project sattus05. 3 : start operation Site locationDae Gwan Ryung, Gangwon Wind park capacity98 MW Estimated AEP244,400 MWh/year WTG modelV80 WTG type classIEC IA & IIA Number of WTG units MW Weibull parameterShape factor (A) : 7.95 Scale factor (k) : 1.61 Project status05.11 : Complete 1 st phase (14units) : Complete 2 nd phase(35units) : Plan for operation III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

Wind Energie in Korea New Wind Farm Completed Daekwanryung in Gangwon wind farm (by UNISON) Installation capacity : 98MW Annual average wind speed : 7.5m/s at 60m Hub Height Turbine : Type Class II - V80 (2.0MW) x 49 units Operation : 14 units - end of 2005 => Total 49 units - October 2006 III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

Wind Energie in Korea Current Wind Energy Total installed wind capacity 98 MW Offshore installed wind capacity - Annual new wind capacity 70 MW Total number of turbines 78 ea Average new turbine capacity 1.7 MW Wind generated electricity 125 GWh National electricity demand TWh % of national electricity demand from wind % (End of 2005) III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

2. Wie gross ist das Windpotential?

Wind Energie in Korea Gangwon-Do, V m :3.6~8.4m/s Kyungsang-Do, V m : 3.8~6.9m/s Jeju-Do, V m : 5.8~7.5m/s IEC I / II IEC II / III IEC III Wind Resource Onshore Geonla-Do, Vm : 5.4~5.6m/s Gyonggi-Do, Vm : 3.1~4.2 m/s Chungnam-Do, 5.4~5.6 m/s III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

Wind Energie in Korea Offshore Possibility in Korea wind energy density distribution Offshore average wind speed [kW/h][m/s] III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

3. Welche WEA-Prototypen sind bereits entwickelt?

Wind Energie in Korea Wind Turbine Development 10kW 750kW Gearless(field test) 750kW Geared (field test) III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

Wind Energie in Korea Wind Turbine Development III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

4. Was wird gefoerdert und wie gross ist das Budget?

Wind Energie in Korea Investment For NRE Budget Increased by 120% from 2004 to 2007 Unit : M US$ R & D Deployment Subsidy - General Subsidy - Solar Roof System - Renewable Energy Complex Loan Feed-in tariff Total III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

Wind Energie in Korea R&D Investment Systematic R&D activities on wind power have been conducted since billion won was invested in R&D between 1988 and 2005 (37 projects; 36.8 billion Won from the government) 1988~ Total Project No. New Continue Total R&D Expenses (million Won) Government10,9633,2543,7398,31210,88636,813 Private7,2412,0111,8772,2434,08617,295 Total18,2045,2655,61610,55514,97254, kW class (Geared & Gearless) completed by December 2004 New concept of 1MW dual rotor type schedule to be completed by June MW Multibrid type under developing until August 2007 Small size turbines under developing (10kW, 100kW) 3 MW concept completed and scheduled to be start during 2006 Offshore test field project has been started from December 2005 III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

Wind Energie in Korea 2006 National Wind R&D Projects Government Support Project Budget Project Term 2006Total Gov.CompanyGov.CompanySum 2MW Multibrid-type wind turbine 2,6071,1186,9102,7989,708 3 Blade extension to low wind , ,074 3 MW inverter systems for WECS , MW Geared DFIG wind turbine ,8141,9264,740 3 Offshore test site 7,3002,46617,5006,24523,745 4 Projects _ cont. (unit : million won) (exchange rate : 1 US$ = 950 Won, 1 EUR = 1250 Won ) III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

Wind Energie in Korea 2006 National Wind R&D Projects Government Support Project Budget Project Term 2006Total GoV.CompanyGov.CompanySum 3MW offshore wind turbine 1,2791,7747,4889,23516,7233 Wind Turbine Technology Research Center 1, ,9004,38911,2895 Set-up design assessment for accreditation process New test field site To request for proposal in 2006 High-resolution offshore wind resource map Small wind turbines New Projects (unit : million won) III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

Wind Energie in Korea Rate Change of Feed-in Tariff (effective October 11, 2006) SourceTargetCapacityCategoryFeed-inTariff(Won/kWh)remark Solar CellOver 3 kW Over 30 kW Reduction rate 4% every year (3 year waiver) Below 30 kW WindOver 10 kW Reduction rate 2% every year (3 year waiver) Fuel cellOver 200 kW Bio gas Reduction rate 3% every year (2 year waiver) others III. Stand der Windenergie in Korea

IV. Ausblick

1. Windparks in Entwicklung und Planung

Wind Energie in Korea Wind Farms under developing Developing capacity is about 427 MW Total capacity exceeds the national target of the year 2008 IV. Ausblick

Wind Energie in Korea Wind Farms under planning Planning capacity is about total 674 MW Total capacity may exceed the national target of the year 2011 IV. Ausblick

Wind Energie in Korea Offshore test project Government initiated the offshore test field project Operating Agent : Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) Project site : Woljung (east northern part of Jeju-Do) Project terms : – Project budget : Total 23,745 million Won (Government : 17,500 M Won) 4MW (2MW x 2) offshore installation Project Objectives : Gaining knowledge on offshore development Set up all the procedure for new establishment on national offshore regulations Building up the experience for the offshore installation Building up the experience for the offshore power cabling & grid connection Practice of all the offshore wind farm operation & acquire certification Acquire data for the offshore initial feed-in tariff Set up the O&M procedure Study on environmental effect IV. Ausblick

2. Multi-Megawatt WEA in Entwicklung

Wind Energie in Korea Wind Turbine Development 2MW Multibrid Type IV. Ausblick

Wind Energie in Korea Wind Turbine Development 3MW Offshore Concept Design IV. Ausblick

3. Ziele der Erneuerbaren bis 2011

Wind Energie in Korea National Targets The Second National Energy Basic plan publish in December 2002, states that the share of new and renewable energy in primary energy consumption be 3 percent in 2006 and 5 percent in 2011 respectively The Second Basic plan for New & Renewable Energy Technology Development and Dissemination (2003 – 2012) established in December 2003 (Unit: 1,000 toe) New & renewable energy Supply % % % Solar thermal Biomass , Wastes3, , , Solar PVs Wind , Small hydro Fuel cells Geothermal Ocean Hydrogen (Subtotal)3, , , Hydropower1, , , Total 4, , , Total energy use215,825237,589269,323 Percentage of new & renewable energy to total energy (%) IV. Ausblick

4. Aktionsplan und der Foerderungs-Etat bis 2012

Wind Energie in Korea Action Plan Scaling-up of Wind Turbines : 1 MW (2005) 1.5 MW (2008) 3 MW (2012) Lower Cost of Installation : $ 1,200/kW (2003) $ 600/kW (2012) Lower Cost of Generation : 10 ¢/kWh (2003) 3 ¢/kWh (2012) Onshore Installation : 207 MW (2006) 1,587 MW (2012) Offshore Installation : 5 MW (2006)680 MW (2012) Develop and commercialize mid-sized 750 kW turbines. Develop and commercialize small-sized 30 kW turbines for distributed power Build a database for wind resources; develop a predictive technology. Develop large-sized MW turbines. Demonstrate 1 MW turbines. Develop offshore system technology. Develop and commercialize super-sized 3 MW turbines. Commercialize grid connection and application technology. Build a database of offshore wind resources. Phase 1 ( ) Development of deployment-driven technologies Phase 2 ( ) Development of Mass Deployment Technologies Phase 3 ( ) Development of Low-priced product technologies IV. Ausblick

Wind Energie in Korea Liste der Quellen der verwendeten Vorlagen DEWI Statistik 2006-Windenergienutzung in Deutschland, Jan DEWI Wind energy study 2006 Status of New & Renewable Energy Policy by Yoon, Suk-Yoon of Korea Energy Management Corporation, New & Renweable Energy Center, April 2007 Status of Wind Energy in Korea, 57th and 58th IEA Wind ExCo Meeting, March and September 2006 by Chinwha Chung of Pohang Wind Energy Resaerch Center EWEA, nofuel, 2007