Nord-Süd Ressourcenflüsse: Entwicklungshilfe, Handel, Kunibert Raffer Folien zur Vorlesung: Nord-Süd Ressourcenflüsse: Entwicklungshilfe, Handel, Verschuldung © K. Raffer 2015
Definition Official Development Assistance (ODA): "those flows to developing countries and multilateral institutions provided by official agencies, including state and local governments, or by their executive agencies, each transaction of which meets the following tests: a) it is administered with the promotion of the economic development and welfare of developing countries as its main objective, and b) it is concessional in character and contains a grant element of at least 25 per cent." DAC (Development Assistance Committee) der OECD Zuschußelement (grant element): Unterschied OEH-Kredit und Kredit mit 10% Zinsen (gemessen in Kapitalwerten) Beispiele, gerade >25% (OECD 1985, p.172): - 4 %, 7 Jahre Laufzeit, 3 Jahre tilgungsfrei - 5 %, 11 Jahre Laufzeit, 4 Jahre tilgungsfrei - 5 %, 15 Jahre Laufzeit, keine tilgungsfreie Zeit
DAC -ODA 1950-2013 (%) Source: DAC
Broadened and Deflated Totals ODA by DAC Members Broadened and Deflated Totals (% of GSP) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 DAC-value 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.33*) 0.31 0.30 minus admin. costs 0.307 0.318 0.317 0.317 0.296 0.286 refugees 0.306 0.315 0.311 0.307 0.284 0.274 emerg.& dis.relief 0.302 0.311 0.303 0.303 0.278 0.269 emergency food aid 0.302 0.310 0.301 0.298 0.274 0.265 debt forgiveness 0.297 0.284 0.266 0.282 0.259 0.247 capital subscr. 0.271 0.255 0.251 0.245 0.233 0.222 contrib. to NGOs 0.264 0.249 0.245 0.240 0.228 0.217 students (imputed) 0.260 0.245 0.242 0.236 0.224 0.213 former Commun. C. 0.260 0.245 0.239 0.235 0.221 0.211 ODA-Inflator 1.231 1.347 1.381 1.404 1.403 1.424 Sources: Raffer (1998), based on OECD-data (various publications)
Broadened and Deflated Totals ODA by DAC Members Broadened and Deflated Totals (% of GSP) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Official DAC-value 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.30 Deflated ODA 0.260 0.245 0.239 0.235 0.221 0.211 ODA-Inflator 1.231 1.347 1.381 1.404 1.403 1.424 Source: Raffer 1998a Table 6.2: Corrected ODA and OA by DAC Members (% of GSP) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Deflated ODA 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.21 OA 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Total 0.26 0.28 0.28 0.26 0.25 Quelle: Raffer & Singer 2001/2004, p.89