QuBounce the dynamics of ultra-cold neutrons in the gravity potential Hartmut Abele TU München

Friedman DGL   ~ 5µm,  < 106 B&C ‘05: Cosmological Constant linked to Size of extra dimensions   ~ 5µm,  < 106 ADD ‘99: Repulsive forces gauge fields in the bulk Strength  = 106 – 109, range  < 100 µm, Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 2 2

Neutrons test Newton Tool: Ultra-Cold Neutrons Pragmatic Definition UCN reflect from surfaces at all angles Strong Interaction: V ~ 100 neV Kinetic Energy: 100 neV 50neV < E < 2.1µeV 132nm >  > 20nm 3m/s < v < 20m/s Electro Magnetism, Zeeman splitting : 120 neV/T Energy in the earth‘s gravitational field: E = mgh 100neV/m

? Quantum Bounce Cold-Source at 40 K Hartmut Abele Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 4 4

Schrödinger Equation Scale with length scale z0 Shift Turning Points: Neutron z Mirror Airy Function Scale with length scale z0 Shift Turning Points: Energy Distance to Mirror mgz

Observation of Bound Quantum States Energy Distance to Mirror mgz Neutron mirror: polished glass plate 10 cm long T~h3/2 Nature 415 299 (2002), Phys. Rev. D 67 102002 (2003).

Limits N = 106 after 25 days Observation time T = 100ms Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 7 7

The Quantum Bouncer Neutron detection: He – detector n + 3He  t + p (no spatial resolution) Track detector n + 235U  fission n + 10B  Li + a

Horizontal velocity 6 m/s < vx < 7.2 m/s Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München

Stability Vibrations Inclinometers Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München

Inclination < 0.5 µrad Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München

Simulation T. Jenke

First results ~4500 neutrons in total distance from step x = 0cm

Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München

The Experimental Team: Tobias Jenke, Hanno Filter, Peter Geltenbort, David Stadler, H.A.

Summary: Galileo in Quantum Land Observation of quantum states (2002) Limits on hypothetical fifth forces Development of spatial resolution detectors (1µm) Phase measurements 2009 Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München

Reserva Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München

The absorber Loss mechanism Overlapp with absorber WKB states rough gadolinium absorber/scatterer rough copper absorber/scatterer count rate [Hz] Absorber Height Δh [μm] 10 20 30 0,001 0,01 Absorber/Scatterer Bottom mirrors Roughness:  = 0,7 μm Corr. length: 5 μm Loss mechanism Overlapp with absorber WKB states

Effect of hypothetical Yukawa-type Forces arising from higher-dimensional gravity, gauge forces or massive scalar fields Yukawa force deforms the wave function Changes the energy Mirror Absorber Limits on  and λ:

2nd Run Turning Points at : Westphal, Baeßler, H.A. arXiv:hep-ph/0703108 V. Nesvizhevsky et al., EPJ, 2005

C. Krantz, Diploma thesis, 2006 Spatial resolution ~1.5 µm

Exciting discovery: 10 years old The accelerating expansion of the universe z Hartmut Abele Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 22 22

2nd Run Turning Points at : Westphal, Baeßler, H.A. arXiv:hep-ph/0703108 V. Nesvizhevsky et al., EPJ, 2005

Classical equation of motion Glass mirror

2nd Run 2002 V. Nesvizhevsky et al., EPJ, 2005

The absorber Loss mechanism Overlapp with absorber WKB states Absorber/Scatterer Bottom mirrors Loss mechanism Overlapp with absorber WKB states

Limits: Neutrons test Newton H.A., Baeßler, Westphal, LNP Leeb, Schmiedmayer ADD, gauge fields Cosmological constant Neutron Nucleus scattering: 1a, 1b Neutron Bound Quantum states: 7 Casimir / van der Waals: 2 – 9 based on U. Schmidt, Habilitation Thesis, 2005 Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München Hartmut Abele 27 27

CR39 track detector Uranium Detector Boron Detector Neutron detector with a spatial resolution of about 1mu

~ 200µm ~ 10 cm

Neutron Density Distribution with Spatial Resolution Detector First three levels 10 20 30 40 50mm V. Nesvizhevsky et al., EPJ, 2005

2.1 Beste Axion Grenzen 2007 UCN PVLAS Baeßler et al., PRD 2007 Westphal, Baeßler, H.A. UCN arXiv:hep-ph/0703108 other limits Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München 31

Reversed Geometry T~h3/2 Westphal, 2001

The gravity work has been done by ... Heidelberg University: T. Jenke, D. Stadler, HA G. Divkovic, N. Haverkamp, D. Mund, C. Krantz, S. Nahrwold, F. Rueß, T. Stöferle, HA ILL, Grenoble: V. Nesvizhevsky, A. Petukhov, H. Boerner, P. Geltenbort Gatchina, St. Petersburg A. Gagarsky, G. Petrov, S. Soloviev University of Virginia S. Baeßler DESY A. Westphal, CERN ISN JINR B. van der Vyver K. Protasov, Yu. Voronin Strelkov Hartmut Abele

Zusammenfassung: Galileo im Quantenland Nachweis der Quantenzustände Grenzen auf gravitationsähnliche Kräfte Entwicklung von ortsempfindlichen Neutrondetektoren (1µm) Phasenmessungen 2009 Hartmut Abele, Technische Universität München