Command Forms German Imperatives.

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Command Forms German Imperatives

Command Forms In general, the command form or Imperative form is used to tell someone what to do or not to do. There are exceptions, however. Examples: Do the homework. Clean the dishes! Listen to me! * exclamation is not necessarily indicative of tone

By contrast… The speaker may, on the other hand, sometimes use "you" to indicate both impatience and the addressee's lower status: "You stop that right now!" "You shut up!“ “Du, hör auf damit!” “Sei still du.”

Command Form Continued There are 4 forms of the imperative in German, one for each form of ‘you’ Sie, du, and ihr…and one for wir. Please note that when commanding someone to do something, it is still an option to remain polite.

How To Form the Imperative To form the imperative of a verb for ‘du’ you must take the ‘du’ form of the verb and drop the ‘st’ Example: Mach bitte die Tür zu! (zumachen = close) Ruf mich bitte an! Notice that you do not use ‘du’ in the command itself…the form of the verb tells us it’s du.

Sag es lauter! Say it louder! Hol mich ab! Pick me up! Hör zu! Listen! Schreib mir eine E-mail! Write me an e-mail!

Exceptions… Sei nicht so blöd! Don't be so stupid! If the stem ends in -d, -t, -ig, or in -m or -n preceded by certain consonants (not -l- or -r-), you must add an -e (Note: these are the same verbs that insert an -e- before adding the singular endings for "du" or "er/sie/es" [e.g. du findest, sie badet, es regnet]): Arbeite nicht so viel! Don't work so much! Antworte auf die Frage! Answer the question! Öffne das Fenster, wenn es dir zu warm ist. Open the window if you're too warm. Sei nicht so blöd! Don't be so stupid!

Imperative for Sie This is the easiest imperative to form. Simply use the infinitive of the verb followed by ‘Sie’. The word ‘bitte’ can then follow ‘Sie’. Example: Machen Sie bitte die Tür zu! Rufen Sie mich bitte an!

Fragen Sie den Mann da. Ask that man there. Rufen Sie mich morgen an. Call me tomorrow. Bitte, kommen Sie schnell! Please come quickly. Geben Sie mir das Buch! Give me the book! Sehen Sie das mal an! Look at that! Lassen Sie bitte von sich hören. Let us hear from you.

Imperative for ihr If you are giving a command to a group of people that you know then you would use the ‘ihr’ form. This is formed by taking the ‘ihr’ form of the verb. Just like the ‘du’ form you omit the pronoun! Example: Macht bitte die Tür zu! Ruft mich bitte an!

Hey, guys… Kommt gut nach Hause! Have a safe trip home. Esst noch mehr, wir haben viel. Have some more to eat; we have lots. Seid nicht so unglücklich! Don't be so unhappy! Gebt mir das Buch! Give me the book. Bleibt doch eine Weile länger. Stay a while longer.

More exceptions… Mach du es! You do it! Similar to English, German sometimes adds the pronouns "du" or "ihr" in informal situations. Here the implication is that the speaker can't or won't perform the action: Mach du es! You do it! Fahr du mal! You try driving for once! Versucht ihr mal! You guys try it.

WIR: When the imperative is used with the 2nd person plural wir, it is like a suggestion meaning “Let’s ~” Gehen wir tanzen! Let’s go dancing! Hören wir gut zu. Let’s listen closely.

und noch was… General directives and recipes often use the infinitive: Spinat gut waschen Wash the spinach well Nicht anfassen! Don't touch!   Handys ausschalten! Turn off your cell phones!   Nicht stören! Do not disturb.   Einsteigen! All aboard!   Hinsetzen! Be seated!   Nicht rauchen! No smoking!

Moment Mal… Hör mal auf! Stop that! Schauen Sie mal. Take a look.

bringen • fragen • laufen • sprechen • stehen • tragen 1. Scott, es ist schon 11 Uhr. _____________________ endlich auf! 2. Elise, mein Buch ist dort drüben (=over there). _____________________ es mir, bitte! 3. Ich verstehe kein Englisch. _____________________ Sie bitte Deutsch! 4. Noel, heute ist es sehr warm. _____________________ Shorts, nicht Jeans! 5. Wir sind spät, und der Bus ist schon (=already) da. _____________________ wir! 6. Wisst ihr die Antwort nicht? Dann _____________________ euren Lehrer!

Please put the cutlery next to the plate. Directions for use Washing, incl. wash powder Spin, dry each Press Gentle rinse Extra wash powder 1. Select the machine number (green light = free) (red light = in use) 2. Insert the appropriate money 3. Press the lighted button.  Remove wash powder 4. Start the machine