The melting of the glaciers Global Warming

Structure 1. Glaciers 1.1 In General 1.2 How the climate influences glaciers 2. Antarctica 2.1 In General 2.2 The ice 2.3 Change of the Antarctica

3. Consequences and flooding 4. How to save energy 4.1 Most important steps 4.1 Most important steps 4.2 What can individuals do? 4.2 What can individuals do?

1. Glaciers 1.1 In general Mass of ice Mass of ice Catchment area is clearly defined Catchment area is clearly defined  Own movement because of shear stress  Leaning, structure of ice, temperature Largest freshwater storage Largest freshwater storage

Largest water storage generally (after the oceans) Largest water storage generally (after the oceans)  Water supplies of rivers; influences the world's climate

Coverage of landmass (polar region) Coverage of landmass (polar region) Forms landmass Forms landmass  Mass of ice reaches centre of the land

1.2 How the climate influences glaciers Antarctica cools down (not the world's climatic trend) Antarctica cools down (not the world's climatic trend)  Ice sheet increases More falls of rain/snow More falls of rain/snow  Snow encourages development of ice; rain encourages the melting

Glaciers = indicators for permanent climatic changes Glaciers = indicators for permanent climatic changes  Global warming  Melting of glaciers

2. Antarctica 2.1 In general Earth‘s southernmost continent Earth‘s southernmost continent  Also called „South Pole“ On average the coldest, driest and windiest continent On average the coldest, driest and windiest continent Antarctica is considered a desert Antarctica is considered a desert

No humans living there No humans living there Only cold adapted animals and plants can survive there Only cold adapted animals and plants can survive there Tundra vegetation Tundra vegetation

2.2 The ice Antarctic Ice Shield is one of the two polar ice capes of the Earth Antarctic Ice Shield is one of the two polar ice capes of the Earth Bigger Ice Shield Bigger Ice Shield Area of 14 million square km Area of 14 million square km 30 million cubic km of ice 30 million cubic km of ice

2.3 Change of Antarctica Continent-wide average surface temperature trend is positive Continent-wide average surface temperature trend is positive  significant at >0.05°C/decade since 1957 Scientists found out: global warming is affecting all of Antarctica Scientists found out: global warming is affecting all of Antarctica Satellite data suggests: Satellite data suggests: Ice has begun decreasing

Recent study: Recent study: West Antarctic Ice Shield is losing massWest Antarctic Ice Shield is losing mass East Antarctic Ice Shield is in balanceEast Antarctic Ice Shield is in balance by comparing the Ice leaving the Ice Shields  Results agree closely with the gravity changes

Temperature rose for the last half century Temperature rose for the last half century  Greenhouse Effect Antarctica holds enough ice to raise global sea levels by 57 metres Antarctica holds enough ice to raise global sea levels by 57 metres Average temperature rise for Antarctica is put at 0.12° C per decade Average temperature rise for Antarctica is put at 0.12° C per decade

3. Consequences and Flooding Snowmelt is important for agriculture (e.g. in India) Snowmelt is important for agriculture (e.g. in India)  No glaciers = decline of agriculture Elimination of ecosystems Elimination of ecosystems  Animals and plants lose their habitats

Lack of drinking water Lack of drinking water  The snowmelt is their drinking water Sea level increases by snowmelt Sea level increases by snowmelt  Some countries will be fluted (e.g. Egypt)

Snowmelt sweeps along stones Snowmelt sweeps along stones  They built a wall  Glacial lakes develop  The wall breaks and it comes to dangerous flooding

4. How to save energy 4.1 Most important steps Modern boiler reduce pollutant emission Modern boiler reduce pollutant emission Change over to domestic/natural gas Change over to domestic/natural gas Insulation in houses and departments Insulation in houses and departments Development and Use of renewable energies (sun, wind, water, biogas) Development and Use of renewable energies (sun, wind, water, biogas)

4.2 What can individuals do? Overthink the importance of using a car (smaller emission of carbon dioxide) Overthink the importance of using a car (smaller emission of carbon dioxide) Use a train or bus Use a train or bus Avoid using a plane Avoid using a plane

Do not leave your electric machines in standby mode, turn them off Do not leave your electric machines in standby mode, turn them off Use energy saving lamps Use energy saving lamps If you open your windows, do not forget to turn off your heating If you open your windows, do not forget to turn off your heating If you use an air conditioning machine, close the windows If you use an air conditioning machine, close the windows

Use a gas stove instead of an electric range Use a gas stove instead of an electric range Buy agricultural products from your farmer Buy agricultural products from your farmer  Everyone is able to stop the climate change with little effort!

Sources Internet: Internet: klimainfo.net/was-man-tun-kann.phpklimainfo.net/was-man-tun-kann.php tmlwww.welt.de/.../Was_der_Einzelne_gegen_den_Klimawandel_tun_kann.h tml queme_wahrheit/ queme_wahrheit/ /berge_ohne_eis_die_gletscher_schmelzen/ /berge_ohne_eis_die_gletscher_schmelzen/ npeace_report_gletscher_schmelzen_immer_schneller-1/ npeace_report_gletscher_schmelzen_immer_schneller-1/

Pictures: Pictures: Warnschild.pnghttp:// Warnschild.png pack.de/Fotoalbum/2003/BernerOberland/Gletschersee_w13.jpghttp:// pack.de/Fotoalbum/2003/BernerOberland/Gletschersee_w13.jpg kreuzfahrten/Presse/GletscherA6_300dpi.jpghttp:// kreuzfahrten/Presse/GletscherA6_300dpi.jpg %20Schwarzkögele%20-%20Pegel%20(138).JPGhttp://gabrieli-gymnasium.de/uploaded/Vernagtferner%20- %20Schwarzkögele%20-%20Pegel%20(138).JPG chinensee%20im%20Kandertal%20und%20Gletscher.JPGhttp:// chinensee%20im%20Kandertal%20und%20Gletscher.JPG antarktis.de/redwork/mediapool/222512_lo_Wunderwelt_Antarktis.jpghttp:// antarktis.de/redwork/mediapool/222512_lo_Wunderwelt_Antarktis.jpg

Thanks for your attention! Katharina Lasar, Eva-Maria Hartmann, Anna Jakobi, Mandy Klenk, Sarah Kersten