Jonathan Harrington: "Die phonetischen Grundlagen des Lautwandels“

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 Präsentation transkript:

Jonathan Harrington: "Die phonetischen Grundlagen des Lautwandels“ Referent: Matthias Mahrhofer

Lautwandel durch Chain-Shift – was ist das? -push-chain-shift akustisches Merkmal

Lautwandel durch Chain-Shift – was ist das? -push-chain-shift akustisches Merkmal

Lautwandel durch Chain-Shift – was ist das? -push-chain-shift akustisches Merkmal

Lautwandel durch Chain-Shift – was ist das? -push-chain-shift akustisches Merkmal

Lautwandel durch Chain-Shift – was ist das? -push-chain-shift akustisches Merkmal -pull-chain-shift

„Key Words“ Key Words (Wells, 1982) kennzeichnen -individuelle Phoneme -lexikale Sets, zu denen sie zählen z.B. START, TRAP, DRESS, FLEECE, KIT

Begriffserklärung: „stimmhaft“ „stimmhaftes DRESS“ / „DRESS(sth.)“: DRESS, gefolgt von einem stimmhaften Konsonanten „stimmloses DRESS“ / „DRESS(stl.)“: DRESS, gefolgt von einem stimmlosen Konsonanten

Beispiel: „short front vowel shift“ im New Zealand English Men Women

Pull Chain vs. Push Chain -Maclagan (2000a) -KIT leading Push Chain: -Bauer, 1979, 1992; Trudgill, Gordon and Lewis, 1998 -TRAP leading Gordon et al., 2004: historische Aufnahmen belegen: Push Chain

speziell: FLEECE-DRESS Men Women

Figure 3: Formant frequency plots in Hz for four New Zealand men born between 1890 and 1900 (based on Langstrof, 2004a). At least 20 tokens of each vowel were analyzed for each speaker. The data is normalized.

Figure 4: Formant frequency plot in Hz of Modern NZE speakers (25 men and 25 women) born in the 1950s, recorded in1979 (from Maclagan 1982). Tokens were placed in an /h_d/ frame in the carrier phrase Please say /h_d/ again. The data is not normalized.

2³ => 8 x 10 => 80 Sprecher Korpus / Sprecher 3 verschiedene Merkmale: - Jung(20-30), Y vs. alt(45-60), O - Geschlecht: M/F - „social Class“: „professional“ P vs. „non professional“ N 2³ => 8 x 10 => 80 Sprecher

Korpus / Aufnahmen vorgelesene Wörter, z.B. „bet, bed, beck, beg, Ben“ „beat, bead, beak, bean“ warum trotz vorhandener Spontansprache? -extremere Werte -leichtere Vergleichbarkeit

F1 / F2 Figure 5: Vowel spaces for all men and women included in this study. The data is not normalized.

Figure 6: ellipse plots for FLEECE and DRESS for all speaker groups Figure 6: ellipse plots for FLEECE and DRESS for all speaker groups. M=male, F=female, P=professional, N = non-professional, Y=younger, O=older.

Figure 7: F1/F2 vowel spaces for two speakers for whom DRESS is higher than FLEECE.

Länge relativ zur Länge von STRUT a) DRESS(stl.) bei älteren kein signifikanter Unterschied STRUT/DRESS(stl.) bei jüngeren ist DRESS(stl.) signifikant kürzer b) DRESS(sth.) DRESS(sth.) ist grundsätzlich länger als STRUT, jedoch -Längenunterschied bei älteren signifikant größer -> DRESS(sth.) wird kürzer c) FLEECE(stl.) kein signifikanter Unterschied d) FLEECE(sth.) -wird signifikant kürzer DRESS(sth.) ist fast immer, DRESS(stl.) meistens länger als FLEECE(stl.)

Figure 13: Duration (in ms) and F1 (in Hz) for the older (left panel) and younger (right) speakers. The top panel shows the position of DRESS before voiced (E) and voiceless (e) coda consonants relative to FLEECE before voiced coda consonants (I:). The bottom panel shows the position of DRESS before voiced (E) and voiceless (e) coda consonants relative to FLEECE before voiceless coda consonants (i:).

Stimmhaftigkeit -DRESS(sth.) immer höher als DRESS(stl.) -DRESS(sth.) länger als FLEECE(stl.) -FLEECE(stl.) ist stärker unter Druck durch DRESS(sth.)

Bewusstsein über Lautwandel? Leserbrief an „The Press“: George Best or George “Beast”? The latter was the way it was pronounced by a Kiwi radio news reader on air recently. I wonder how the British public would react to their football icon being referred to in this way.” (30th November, 2005, p A 18). „Hair to Please“ „Hair 'N' Beyond“ „Hair Today“

Maclagan, M. & Hay, J. (2004). The rise and rise of New Zealand English DRESS Proceedings of the Speech Science and Technology Conference, Sydney, Australia. Maclagan, M. & Hay, J. (2006, in press). Getting fed up with our feet: contrast maintenance and the New Zealand English ‘short’ front vowel shift. Language Variation and Change, in press.