September 29th 2008 Dr. Bernhard Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik und Bildungsforschung der LMU Perception of Age, Expectations of Retirement and Continuing Education of Older Workers CEDEFOP Workshop Working at old age Thessaloniki

September 29th 2008 Dr. Bernhard Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik und Bildungsforschung der LMU Transition to Retirement ▌ 1960s: disengagement theory Types of retirees: 1.Liberation 2.Fear and scepticism 3.New possibilities => Transition has different meanings ▌ is connected with challenges and developmental tasks ▌ Transition is universal, mostly irreversible and culturally bound ▌depends on situational and regional context factors Source: Adi et al. Initial position State of research Aims of the study Methodological design Results Conclusion

September 29th 2008 Dr. Bernhard Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik und Bildungsforschung der LMU Perception of Age ▌ Kruse/Schmitt 2005: multidimensional perceptions of age Influenced by: Gender Level of education Contact with older adults … (Lehr/Niederfranke 1991) ▌ Lehr 1964: negative perception of age ▌ Roux 1993: ambivalent and differenciated model of age Initial position State of research Aims of the study Methodological design Results Conclusion

September 29th 2008 Dr. Bernhard Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik und Bildungsforschung der LMU Aims ▌ collecting data on behaviour and interests in further education of older adults ▌ outlines/configurations on the demand side of further education for older adults ▌ differenciation between different groups of older adults ▌ different research questions for the 45 to 65 years olds and the 66 to 80 years old Team ▌ sponsored by the German ministry of science and education ▌ Project direction: Prof. Dr. Rudolf Tippelt, Dr. Bernhardt Schmidt, LMU München ▌ Partners: TNS Infratest, München Helmut Kuwan – Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung und Beratung München Initial position State of research Aims of the study Methodological design Results Conclusion

September 29th 2008 Dr. Bernhard Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik und Bildungsforschung der LMU Methodological Design ▌ 13 Interviews with experts in gerontology and adult education ▌ Representative sample of 4909 adults between 45 and 80 years (2012 employees) ▌ 16 discussions with different focus groups ▌ 60 problem-focused interviews (Witzel 1985) Expert interviews Group discussions Problem- focused interviews Represen- tative sample Generating hypotheses Incorporation of results Additional differentiatio n Deeper view Initial position State of research Aims of the study Methodological design Results Conclusion

September 29th 2008 Dr. Bernhard Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik und Bildungsforschung der LMU Negative Perception of Age and Employment Status Initial position State of research Aims of the study Methodological design Results Conclusion * Difference to total mean (2,14) is significant (p<.01) * * * n = 4909

September 29th 2008 Dr. Bernhard Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik und Bildungsforschung der LMU Negative Perception of Age and Level of Education Initial position State of research Aims of the study Methodological design Results Conclusion n = 4909 Difference to total mean is significant (p<.01) for all groups

September 29th 2008 Dr. Bernhard Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik und Bildungsforschung der LMU Participation in Continuing Education and Perception of Age * Difference to the previous partial sample is significant (p <.01) ** Difference to the previous partial sample is highly significant (p <.001) Initial position State of research Aims of the study Methodological design Results Conclusion * ** *

September 29th 2008 Dr. Bernhard Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik und Bildungsforschung der LMU Perception of Age Standardised beta-coefficients of the regression analysis for the „perception of age“ all a employed b level of schooling (reference: low) high,103***,113*** middle,067***,068** familial status (reference: married, living together) widowed-,069***,630 divorced-,082***,136 unmarried-,057***,013* married, living apart-,021,412 economic sector (reference: agriculure) public services,140***,106 trade,127**,059 artisanry,074**,050 industry,086*,072 employment status (reference: blue-collar worker) self-employed,066***,106*** official,020 -,016 white-collar worker,081***,066* enterprise with more than 500 employees,006 -,011 number of participations in adult education,140***,135*** participation in adult education in the last 12 months-,061*** -,078** gender,000 age,008,053* occupational status,004 * p<.05 ** p<.01 *** p<.001 a n=4909 b n=2012

September 29th 2008 Dr. Bernhard Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik und Bildungsforschung der LMU Expectations towards transition Initial position State of research Aims of the study Methodological design First results

September 29th 2008 Dr. Bernhard Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik und Bildungsforschung der LMU Expected and Desired Length of Occupational Life Initial position State of research Aims of the study Methodological design First results

September 29th 2008 Dr. Bernhard Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik und Bildungsforschung der LMU Conclusion ▌ Two types of expectations regarding the transition into retirement can be found. ▌ Recreational interests are meaningful for the participation in adult education. ▌ Is effected by working conditions ▌ Personal perception of age and educational experiences seem to influence each other Initial position State of research Aims of the study Methodological design Results Conclusion

September 29th 2008 Dr. Bernhard Schmidt Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Pädagogik und Bildungsforschung der LMU Thank you!