The Paris Agreement Limiting global warming “well below” Bildquelle: https://www.wmo.int/media/ Limiting global warming “well below” 2 degrees Celsius Net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases by mid-21st century National emission targets regularly reviewed and tightened Developed countries provide 100 billion USD per year between 2020-2025 https://www.wmo.int/media/sites/default/files/cop21.jpg

Tipping Points Related to 2°C-Guardrail Source: Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Stefan Rahmstorf, Ricarda Winkelmann, Nature Climate Change, under review Figure caption: Global-mean surface temperature evolution from the Last Glacial maximum through the Holocene, based on paleoclimatic proxy data (light gray), instrumental measurements since 1750 AD (HadCRUT data, black) and different global warming scenarios for the future. Threshold ranges for crossing various tipping points where major subsystems of the climate system are destabilized have been added from refs.10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 (Note that we follow the tipping point definition of Lenton et al. which does not require irreversibility, so that sea ice cover is included here.) The range for West Antarctica has been adapted to account for the observation that part of it has likely tipped already. Schellnhuber et al. Nature Climate Change, under review

Sea Level during Past Warm Periods Sea level (m) http://www.sciencemag.org/content/349/6244/aaa4019.full A. Dutton, A. E. Carlson, A. J. Long, G. A. Milne, P. U. Clark, R. Deconto, B. P. Horton, S. Rahmstorf, M. E. Raymo. Sea-level rise due to polar ice-sheet mass loss during past warm periods. Science, 2015, vol. 349 no. 6244 Fig. 4 Peak global mean temperature, atmospheric CO2, maximum GMSL, and source(s) of meltwater. Light blue shading indicates uncertainty of sea-level maximum. Black vertical lines represent GMSL reconstructions from combined field observations and GIA modeling; gray dashed lines are δ18O-based reconstructions. Red pie charts over Greenland and Antarctica denote fraction (not location) of ice retreat. Although the peaks in temperature, CO2, and sea level within each time period may not be synchronous and ice sheets are sensitive to factors not depicted here, significantly higher sea levels were attained during MIS 5e and 11 when atmospheric CO2 forcing was significantly lower than present. See tables S3 and S4 for data and sources. Auszug HJS Buch, Kapitel 9: In diesem Zusammenhang ist wichtig, dass die Forschung über die Beiträge der großen Eisschilde zu den Meeresspiegeländerungen in der Vergangenheit große Fortschritte gemacht hat. Beispielsweise hat ein internationales Expertenteam um Andrea Dutton von der University of Florida (USA) kürzlich eine Studie veröffentlicht (Dutton et al., 2015) welche belegt, dass jene Beiträge im Multi-Meter-Bereich lagen, (siehe Abbildung 22). Diese Abbildung Maximale globale Mitteltemperatur zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten der Erdgeschichte, sowie die entsprechenden Meerespiegel-Niveaus im Vergleich zu heute und die CO2 Konzentration. Peak global mean temperature, atmospheric CO2, maximum GMSL, and source(s) of meltwater Dutton, A. et al. Science 2015

New WBGU Flagship Report (Spring 2016): „Humanity on the Move“

World Population Prospects: Europe Shrinks, Africa Grows UN, 2015

Archetypes of urban Challenges in the 21st Century Greening Mature Cities 2 Building Sustainable New Settlements 3 Managing Informal Dwellings © StudioInvisible Pavão-Pavãozinho favela, Rio de Janeiro www.flickr.com Functional slums, instead of ideal cities? news.panasonic.net 1. Planungen für grünes Beirut