Berner Fachhochschule Hochschule für Agrar-, Forst- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften HAFL 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft Rindvieh Pflanzenbau Übrige Nutztiere Geflügel Nicht Landwirtschaft Schweine 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft Decrease of cattle (e.g. dairy cows -21%, but compensated by suckling cows) and pig numbers (e.g. fattening pigs -15%) Strong increas of grazing emissions (animal wellfare program) Strong increase of emissions from housing (+44%) –Shift from tied to loose housing systems for cattle; partly counterbalanced by increased grazing –Label system encourage animal friendly pig housing with outside area Considerable decrease of spreading emissions –Less N flow to spreading (more housing emissions, more grazing, lower protein in pig feed, less animals) –Introduction of low emission techniques Total emissions livestock -11% Total emissions -13% (provisional value %; Gothenborg ceiling value -14%) Emissions from livestock and manure Development emissions

Berner Fachhochschule Hochschule für Agrar-, Forst- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften HAFL 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft Rindvieh Pflanzenbau Übrige Nutztiere Geflügel Nicht Landwirtschaft Schweine 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft Emissions from livestock and manure Development N flows

Berner Fachhochschule Hochschule für Agrar-, Forst- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften HAFL Relevant aspects of Swiss agriculture 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft Rindvieh Pflanzenbau Übrige Nutztiere Geflügel Nicht Landwirtschaft Schweine 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft Average farm still relatively small (average 17.6 ha, full time farms 21.5 ha) Wide variety of conditions valley zone to mountain area Strong focus on grassland and dairy production In lowlands most farms are mixed (livestock and crops) Since 1994 direct payment program with strong focus on reduced environmental impact and more animal welfare –Nutrient balance -25% N fertilizer, -15% manure N, good yields –More grazing –More loose housing systems and exercise yards

Berner Fachhochschule Hochschule für Agrar-, Forst- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften HAFL Important activities on ammonia emissions: N-flow emission calculation models 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft Rindvieh Pflanzenbau Übrige Nutztiere Geflügel Nicht Landwirtschaft Schweine 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft 1996 first N-flow emission calculation model for emission inventory models (Excel, not public) 2003 DYNAMO –Excel –for emission inventory work and public use –More management variables. Principle: everything that is important for emissions and known on the farm –Default assumptions according to best expert judgement 2007 revised version AGRAMMON –Default assumptions according to worst case judgement

Berner Fachhochschule Hochschule für Agrar-, Forst- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften HAFL Recent activities on ammonia emissions: Emission calculation model AGRAMMON 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft Rindvieh Pflanzenbau Übrige Nutztiere Geflügel Nicht Landwirtschaft Schweine 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft N-flow model AGRAMMON –Excretions different livestock categories (N and TAN); liquid and solid manure –Emission rates in % of TAN for grazing, houses, storage, application –Correction factors for management and structural influencing factors –Versions for single farm and regional calculations –User friendly; in German, French, English –For scenario calculations and awareness raising AGRAMMON is publically and freely available under ; very easy to use For other regions default assumptions (e.g. emission factors) would have to be adapted

Berner Fachhochschule Hochschule für Agrar-, Forst- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften HAFL Important activities on ammonia emissions: Emission calculation model AGRAMMON 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft Rindvieh Pflanzenbau Übrige Nutztiere Geflügel Nicht Landwirtschaft Schweine 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft N-flow model AGRAMMON developed –Excretions different livestock categories (N and TAN); liquid and solid manure –Emission rates in % of TAN for grazing, houses, storage, application –Correction factors for management and structural influencing factors –Versions for single farm and regional calculations –User friendly; in German, French, English –For scenario calculations and awareness raising AGRAMMON is publically and freely available under ; very easy to use For other regions default assumptions (e.g. Emission factors) would have to be adapted

Berner Fachhochschule Hochschule für Agrar-, Forst- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften HAFL Important activities on ammonia emissions: Emission calculation model AGRAMMON 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft Rindvieh Pflanzenbau Übrige Nutztiere Geflügel Nicht Landwirtschaft Schweine 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft N-flow model AGRAMMON developed –Excretions different livestock categories (N and TAN); liquid and solid manure –Emission rates in % of TAN for grazing, houses, storage, application –Correction factors for management and structural influencing factors –Versions for single farm and regional calculations –User friendly; in German, French, English –For scenario calculations and awareness raising AGRAMMON is publically and freely available under ; very easy to use For other regions default assumptions (e.g. Emission factors) would have to be adapted

Berner Fachhochschule Hochschule für Agrar-, Forst- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften HAFL Important activities on ammonia emissions: Emission calculation model AGRAMMON 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft Rindvieh Pflanzenbau Übrige Nutztiere Geflügel Nicht Landwirtschaft Schweine 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft N-flow model AGRAMMON developed –Excretions different livestock categories (N and TAN); liquid and solid manure –Emission rates in % of TAN for grazing, houses, storage, application –Correction factors for management and structural influencing factors –Versions for single farm and regional calculations –User friendly; in German, French, English –For scenario calculations and awareness raising AGRAMMON is publically and freely available under ; very easy to use For other regions default assumptions (e.g. Emission factors) would have to be adapted

Berner Fachhochschule Hochschule für Agrar-, Forst- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften HAFL Important activities on ammonia emissions: Emission calculation model AGRAMMON 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft Rindvieh Pflanzenbau Übrige Nutztiere Geflügel Nicht Landwirtschaft Schweine 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft N-flow model AGRAMMON developed –Excretions different livestock categories (N and TAN); liquid and solid manure –Emission rates in % of TAN for grazing, houses, storage, application –Correction factors for management and structural influencing factors –Versions for single farm and regional calculations –User friendly; in German, French, English –For scenario calculations and awareness raising AGRAMMON is publically and freely available under ; very easy to use For other regions default assumptions (e.g. Emission factors) would have to be adapted

Berner Fachhochschule Hochschule für Agrar-, Forst- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften HAFL Important activities on ammonia emissions: Emission calculation model AGRAMMON 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft Rindvieh Pflanzenbau Übrige Nutztiere Geflügel Nicht Landwirtschaft Schweine 95% der Ammoniakemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft N-flow model AGRAMMON developed –Excretions different livestock categories (N and TAN); liquid and solid manure –Emission rates in % of TAN for grazing, houses, storage, application –Correction factors for management and structural influencing factors –Versions for single farm and regional calculations –User friendly; in German, French, English –For scenario calculations and awareness raising AGRAMMON is publically and freely available under ; very easy to use For other regions default assumptions (e.g. Emission factors) would have to be adapted