Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Paris Declaration

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation The Search for Effectiveness of Development Aid Debade on Aid Effectiveness Themes: National Ownership: Who is in the driver seat? Favoring frame conditions: Good Governance Limits of project approaches from Project- to Program Approach

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Limted effectivity /impact Impact restricted to direct target groups (isolated island solutions) Multiplication of strategies (up-scaling, mainstreaming) often not successful No or limited influence on political frame conditions Limits of the Project Approaches Limited Sustainability reduced utility after external support missing ownership because of dominant role played by international development organisations Creation of donor driven Parallel Structures Project Implementing Units outside regular structures regular structures are not strenghthened Projects develop towards (dependant) organisations

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation 4 Example Vietnam: 25 bilateral agencies, 19 multilteral Agencies, 350 internationae NGOs 8000 Projects Example Mosambique 49 Agencies, 840 new projects/year > 1000 Project finding-, Monitoring- and Evaluationmissions / year thousands of reports Problems of project approaches: high transaction costs, missing ownership and donor coordination

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Development Aid in too much pieces of too much donors Problems of coherence and coordination Little national Ownership; Projects are donor driven (each donor has ist own concept – each project shows the flag of the donor) High transaction costs: different procedures and requirements Governments are absorbed by development cooperation !!!

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Instruments for new architecture of development cooperation Basis:PRSPs as binding national development strategies Alignment and Harmonisation as binding principles Project support: Projects/Programs of multi- or bilateral agencies as well as international or national NGOs, preferably in Partnership with national government structures or/and Civil Society actors and private sector. Main objective – capacity development. SWAP: Sector-wide Approach. Close collaboration of donors, ministries, NGOs and private sector based on a national sector strategy. Budget of donors tranferred to budget of repsective sector ministry or to a basket fund of donors. General Budget Support (GBS): Development aid budget are transferred to budget of partner government Program- based approaches

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Sources of the Paris Declaration 7 Evaluation of the Paris Declaration. Final Report. Istambul

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Aid Effectiveness Commitments Paris HLF on Aid Effectiveness (2005) Monterrey Consensus Aid as partnership (2002) Rome HLF on Harmonisation (2003) Marrakesh, Manging for Development Results (2004)

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation The Five Pillars of the Paris Declaration Alignment towards partners interest 2 Partner define objectives Ownership responsibility of the partners 1 Managing for Results Result Orientation (Donor – Partner) Mutual Account- ability (Donor – Partner) 54 Simplification of processes Coordinated common support procedures 3 Harmonisation between donors Orientation towards patners policies & strategies Use of Existing systems of the partner Share of information

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Money flow Tay payer Parliament Backdonor PO Swissz Beneficiaries Donor PO abroad Projects are cooperation endeavors Partner – Stakeholder – more and more organized in networks and accountability Transparency: Money causes dependencies and asks for accountability Way and quality of communication are the very success factors when implementing projects

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Aid Effectiveness Commitments Paris HLF on Aid Effectiveness (2005) HLF 3, Accra Agenda for Action Role of Civil Society (2008) Monterrey Consensus Aid as partnership (2002) Rome HLF on Harmonisation (2003) Marrakesh, Manging for Development Results (2004)

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Indicators of the Paris Declaration OWNERSHIP 1. Countries put in place national development strategies with clear strategic priorities. ALIGNMENT 2. Countries develop reliable national fiduciary systems or reform programs to achieve them. 3. Donors align their aid with national priorities and provide the information needed for it to be included in national budgets. 4. Coordinated programs aligned with national development strategies provide support for capacity development. 5a. As their first option, donors use fiduciary systems that already exist in recipient countries. 5b. As their first option, donors use procurement systems that already exist in recipient countries. 6. Country structures are used to implement aid programs rather than parallel structures created by donors. 7. Aid is released according to agreed schedules. 8. Bilateral aid is not tied to services supplied by the donor.

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Indicators of the Paris Declaration HARMONISATION 9. Aid is provided through harmonised programmes co-ordinated among donors. 10a. Donors conduct their field missions together with recipient countries. 10b. Donors conduct their country analytical work together with recipient countries MANAGING FOR RESULTS 11. Countries have transparent, measurable assessment frameworks to measure progress and assess results. MUTUAL ACCOUNTABILITY 12. Regular reviews assess progress in implementing aid commitments.

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation 14 Eine offene Frage: Die Rolle der Zivilgesellschaft Die neue Architektur der internationalen Zusammenarbeit (Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness) schliesst die Akteure der Zivilgesellschaft tendenziell aus: Nicht-Regierungsorganisationen aus Nord und Süd Kirchen soziale Bewegungen u.a.m. Accra High-Level Forum, 2008 (Nachfolgekonferenz Paris Declaration): Rolle der Zivilgesellschaft wurde thematisiert

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation 15 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005) Synthesis and culminating point in efforts to improve Aid Effectiveness. Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005): Partnership Commitments Ownership: Partner countries exercise effective leadership over their development policies, and strategies and co-ordinate development actions Alignment: Donors base their overall support on partner countries national development strategies, institutions and procedures Harmonisation: Donors actions are more harmonised, transparent and collectively effective Managing for Results: Managing resources and improving decision-making for results Mutual Accountability: Donors and partners are accountable for development results Indicators: 12 Indicators wit concrte targets by 2010, every 2. year Monitoring Meeting

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Accra - CSO-critic of the Paris Declaration Ownership ? - Important positions of the civil socoiety are not taken into account Alignment ? – Governments often lack capacity for implementation Harmonisation – Definition of relevant development actors not wide enough (only actors on state level) ignores the central role of civil society forces in the development process ! Flouts democratic ground rules! Risque of recentralisation Poverty- and minority focus? Transaction costs are not diminuished up to now

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Harmonisation Triangle, based on the Paris Declaration CSO Principles for Development Effectiveness Human Rights Gender People-Centred Empowerment Transparency & Good Governance Ownership & Participation Equitable Partnership and Solidarity Mutual Learning Sustainable Outcomes Accra - Inputs to the discussion from Civil Society Organisations (CSO)

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation 18 Accra Agenda for Action, 2008 Predictabilty Donors will provide 3-5 year forward information on their planned aid to partner countries Country systems Partner country systems will be used to deliver aid first option, rather than donor system Conditionality Donors will switch from reliance on prescriptive conditions about how and when aid money is spent to conditions based on the developing countrys own development objectives. Untying Donors will relax conditions that prevent developing countries from buying the goods and services they need from whomever and wherever they can get the best quality and the lowest price.

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Aid Effectiveness Commitments Paris HLF on Aid Effectiveness (2005) HLF 3, Accra Agenda for Action Role of Civil Society (2008) HLF 4 Busan, Süd Korea (Nov. 2011) Monterrey Consensus Aid as partnership (2002) Rome HLF on Harmonisation (2003) Marrakesh, Manging for Development Results (2004)

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Evaluation of Paris Declaration Ownership Alignment Harmonisation MfDResults Mutual Accountability Fortschritt Overall the Evaluation finds that of the five principles, country ownership has advanced farest, with alignment and ownership progressing more unevenly, and managing for development results and mutual accountability advancing least. … changes made by the Declaration have not yet reduced overall burden of aid management as hoped. However, they have contributed to a better quality of aid, to more transparent and effective partnerships and, to supporting rising volumes of aid. (Final Report May 2011, page XV)

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation How does the Paris Declaration influence your work?

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation … and their importance for policy advice Ownership: Gerade in schwachen Ländern kann Politikberatung die Partnerregierungen unterstützen, mehr Ownership bezüglich ihrer eigenen Strategien und Ziele zu zeigen und deren Beachtung von den Gebern einzufordern. Beispiele: Weitgehend eigenständige Erstellung der nationalen Entwicklungsstrategie ohne massive Gebereinwirkung, die Geber agieren auf der Grundlage dieser Strategien Formulierung eigener politische Zielsetzungen und die Einforderung der Anerkennung dieser Ziele als prioritär durch die Geber Die technischen Arbeitsgruppen in den einzelnen Sektoren werden von Vertretern der betroffenen Sektorministerien einberufen und inhaltlich gesteuert

Pestalozzi 7/2012 International Development Cooperation Alignement: (Gegenpart zur Ownership) Beratung der Partner-regierung zur Einforderung der Ausrichtung von Entwicklungs-maßnahmen an den landeseigenen Strategien und Zielen, aber auch Beratung der Geber zum besseren Alignment Beispiele: Die Indikatoren der Budgethilfegeber basieren auf PRSP-Indikatoren, der SWAP Grundbildung basiert auf der nationalen Bildungsstrategie und verfolgt deren und nicht andere, von den Gebern definierte Ziele Use of Country Systems: Die Geber nutzen zur Umsetzung ihrer Maßnahmen die Systeme der öffentlichen Finanzen des Partnerlandes (Einzahlung von Geldern in den nationalen Haushalt des Landes, öffentliche Beschaffung gemäß der nationalen Regeln, Kontrolle durch das System des Partnerlandes) Gerade der letzte Punkt ist aber zum Beispiel für das Instrument der Politikberatung nicht/nur sehr eingeschränkt anwendbar (TA-Pools, nachrichtliches Erfassen der für Beratung bereitgestellte Mittel ) … and their importance for policy advice (continued)