Microwave Observations of the Atmosphere at Merida, Venezuela G. Hochschild 1, E. Diez y Riega 2, S. Golchert 3, J. Gross 1, P. Hoffmann 2, G. Kopp 1, K. Künzi 3, J. Notholt 3 2 Microwave Observations of the Atmosphere at Merida, Venezuela G. Hochschild 1, E. Diez y Riega 2, S. Golchert 3, J. Gross 1, P. Hoffmann 2, G. Kopp 1, K. Künzi 3, J. Notholt 3 1 Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe und Universität Karlsruhe 2 Universidad de los Andes, Merida, Venezuela 3 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Bremen The station on Pico Espejo MW radiometer and results H 2 O radiometer development Extension of the Merida station Outline: Gerd Hochschild, IMK, Forschungszentrum und Universität KarlsruheNDACC-H2O Workshop, July 2006, Bern

Mérida Geographical Location of Mérida Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Gerd Hochschild, IMK, Forschungszentrum und Universität KarlsruheNDACC-H2O Workshop, July 2006, Bern

Microwave Radiometers deployed on Pico Espejo  MIRA2:268 – 280 GHz; 800 K –ClO, O3, HNO3, N2O –1996 – 2001 Kiruna and Ny Alesund –2003 Zugspitze –Since 2004 in long-therm operation  WARAM2: 22,235 ± 0,5 GHz; 400 K (IUP) –H2O vap. in the stratosphere –2003 Zugspitze –Operational since 2004 Gerd Hochschild, IMK, Forschungszentrum und Universität KarlsruheNDACC-H2O Workshop, July 2006, Bern

Brightness [K] Frequency [GHz] MIRA2 O 3 ClO HNO 3 N 2 O The Spectral Range GHz as Seen From Ground H 2 O + O 2 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Universität Karlsruhe (TH) WARAM H 2 O Gerd Hochschild, IMK, Forschungszentrum und Universität KarlsruheNDACC-H2O Workshop, July 2006, Bern

Estación Alejandro de Humboldt de Investigación Ambiental de Mérida Pico Espejo, 8.58°N, 71.15°W, 4765 m asl Pico Bolivar Ozone monitor Weather station GPS DOAS

The MARS building at Pico Espejo MIRA periscope Weather station Pyranometer DOAS telescope Webcam Window WARAM 2 Gerd Hochschild, IMK, Forschungszentrum und Universität KarlsruheNDACC-H2O Workshop, July 2006, Bern Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

The MIRA2 Radiometer inside the MARS Building Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Gerd Hochschild, IMK, Forschungszentrum und Universität KarlsruheNDACC-H2O Workshop, July 2006, Bern

Tropospheric Transmission Between 31 March 2004 and 08 May 2006 measured by MIRA 2 at Mérida Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Gerd Hochschild, IMK, Forschungszentrum und Universität KarlsruheNDACC-H2O Workshop, July 2006, Bern

Ozone Between 27 May 2004 and 08 May 2006 as Measured by MIRA 2 at Mérida Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Gerd Hochschild, IMK, Forschungszentrum und Universität KarlsruheNDACC-H2O Workshop, July 2006, Bern

Water Vapor Columns at Merida estimated from MIRA2 measurements between 31 March 2004 and08 May 2006 Gerd Hochschild, IMK, Forschungszentrum und Universität KarlsruheNDACC-H2O Workshop, July 2006, Bern

Ozone Column Densities over Mérida in 2004 and 2005 as modelled by KASIMA and measured by MIRA and TOMS Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Gerd Hochschild, IMK, Forschungszentrum und Universität KarlsruheNDACC-H2O Workshop, July 2006, Bern KASIMA data courtesy of Roland Ruhnke et al. TOMS data courtesy of NASA

Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Gerhard Kopp, IMK, Forschungszentrum und Universität Karlsruhe PEP Annual Meeting, June 2006, Karlsruhe Diurnal Variation of Ozone in the Mesosphere on 26 January 2005 as Measured by MIRA 2

H 2 O Radiometer Development  MIRA5W: ± 0.5 GHz  Future alternative for WARAM H 2 O vap. in stratosphere and mesosphere  250 K HEMT at 293 K  Cold load cooled by refrigerator  Dewar restrictions demand a Q.O.Beam design  Spectra resolved by a digital FFT analyzer  under construction  Test operation at Kiruna or Zugspitze  Validation ???  Hope for input from this workshop

MIRA5W: Hardware

Future extension of the Merida-Station  FTIR (Uni Bremen, AWI)  Mobile Aerosol Raman Lidar MARL (AWI)  Sun-Photometer (AWI)  UV-A and -B Radiometer (AWI)  Biometer (UV-Dosimeter) (AWI)  Weather station (AWI)  Telemetry for Sondes –Equipment based at Paramaribo, Suriname (5°N, 55°W) since 9/2004 –Instruments installed in 3 containers –Import clearence still pending Gerd Hochschild, IMK, Forschungszentrum und Universität KarlsruheNDACC-H2O Workshop, July 2006, Bern

Lago Maracaibo Sierra Nevada di Merida Pico Espejo x Llamo del Hato x Merida

Observatorio National Llamo del Hato, 8,79°N, 70,88°W, 3600m asl AWI Pico Espejo Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomía „Francisco J. Duarte" (CIDA)

Projects and Collaborations  Present: –PEP (Pole-Equator-Pole)– Virtual Institute Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres –CAWSES (Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System) DFG Priority Programme  Future: –NDACC Tropical station –GAW Gerd Hochschild, IMK, Forschungszentrum und Universität KarlsruheNDACC-H2O Workshop, July 2006, Bern