Modals Modals express obligation (sollen), ability (können), necessity (müssen), permission (dürfen), and desire or preference (wollen/mögen). Modals are.

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Modals Modals express obligation (sollen), ability (können), necessity (müssen), permission (dürfen), and desire or preference (wollen/mögen). Modals are always conjugated and appear with another verb, the dependent infinitive. This infinitive is placed at the end of the sentence. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Ich will Schriftsteller werden. I want to become a writer. Modals Modals in the Präsens sollen (should) können (can) müssen (must) dürfen (may) wollen (to want to) mögen (to like to) ich soll ich kann ich muss ich darf ich will ich mag du sollst du kannst du musst du darfst du willst du magst er/sie/es soll er/sie/es kann er/sie/es muss er/sie/es darf er/sie/es will er/sie/es mag wir sollen wir können wir müssen wir dürfen wir wollen wir mögen ihr sollt ihr könnt ihr müsst ihr dürft ihr wollt ihr mögt sie/Sie sollen sie/Sie können sie/Sie müssen sie/Sie dürfen sie/Sie wollen sie/Sie mögen Ich will Schriftsteller werden. I want to become a writer. Der Künstler kann gut malen. The artist can paint well. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Modals ACHTUNG! In a normal German sentence, where there is a conjugated verb and an infinitive phrase, zu is used before the infinitive. Hast du Lust, morgen Abend mit mir ins Kino zu gehen? Do you want to go to the movies with me tomorrow night? When the conjugated verb is a modal, there is no zu before the infinitive. Ich kann morgen Abend nicht ins Kino gehen. Ich muss leider arbeiten. I can’t go to the movies tomorrow night. Unfortunately I have to work. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Modals For a yes/no question, the conjugated modal verb is in first position. For questions using question words, the modal verb is in second position. In both situations, the modal verb is followed by the subject. The infinitive is placed at the end of the question. Muss dieser Roman so tragisch sein? Does this novel have to be so tragic? Warum kann Karl so gut aus demTheaterstück zitieren? Why can Karl quote from the play so well? © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Modals To form the Präteritum, add appropriate endings to the stem of the infinitive. All modals that have an Umlaut in the present tense drop the Umlaut in the past tense. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Modals in the Präteritum sollen (supposed to) können (were able to) müssen (had to) dürfen (were allowed to) wollen (wanted to) mögen (liked) ich sollte ich konnte ich musste ich durfte ich wollte ich mochte du solltest du konntest du musstest du durftest du wolltest du mochtest er/sie/es sollte er/sie/es konnte er/sie/es musste er/sie/es durfte er/sie/es wolte er/sie/es mochte wir sollten wir konnten wir mussten wir durften wir wolten wir mochten ihr solltet ihr konntet ihr musstet ihr durftet ihr wolltet ihr mochtet sie/Sie sollten sie/Sie konnten sie/Sie mussten sie/Sie durften sie/Sie wollten sie/Sie mochten Sie wollte als Komponistin arbeiten. She wanted to work as a composer. Wir durften ihn am Wochenende besuchen. We were allowed to visit him on the weekend. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Modals When a modal is in the Perfekt, there are three verbs in the sentence: the conjugated auxiliary haben, the infinitive of the main verb, and, in final position, the infinitive of the modal. Though this is a double infinitive in German, it is rendered in English as the past tense of have to plus an infinitive. Er hat die letzten drei Monate immer samstags arbeiten müssen. He has had to work Saturdays for the last three months. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Modals In subordinate clauses where these three verbs come together (the conjugated form of the auxiliary haben, the infinitive of the main verb, and the infinitive of the modal), the conjugated auxiliary verb comes directly before the two infinitives. Das ist das dritte Mal, dass das Musical später hat anfangen müssen. This is the third time that the musical has had to start later. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Modals In German, modals can be used with the past participle of the main verb to express an attitude toward an event that happened in the past. Der Essayist muss diesen Artikel geschrieben haben! The essayist must have written this article! Die Aufführung soll sehr gut gewesen sein. The performance is supposed to have been very good. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Modals In a dependent or relative clause, the conjugated modal verb moves to the end of the clause. Ich weiß nicht, ob meine Freundinnen Kaffee trinken wollen. I don’t know if my girlfriends want to drink coffee. Ein Regisseur, der in Wien arbeiten will, sollte die Branche gut kennen. A director who wants to work in Vienna should know the industry well. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Modals To form the future tense of modal verbs, conjugate werden and use the dependent infinitive and the modal infinitive in that order at the end of the statement. Die Probe wird später stattfinden müssen. The rehearsal will have to take place later. Sie werden die avantgardistische Gemälde sehen wollen. They will want to see the avant-garde paintings. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Modals The modal wollen can be used to express what someone wants someone else to do. In English, the action that someone else should do is expressed with an infinitive, but in German it is expressed in a dependent clause. Der Komponist will, dass die Musiker lauter spielen. The composer wants the musicians to play more loudly. Der Erzähler will, dass die Hauptfigur im Roman sich langsam entwickelt. The narrator wants the main character in the novel to develop slowly. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

Modals Modals are often used in the Konjunktiv II to express polite wishes. They express ideas such as I would like to, I could, I might. In German, the modals in the Konjunktiv II retain any Umlaute. Ich möchte gern Stieg Larssons Roman lesen. I would like to read Stieg Larsson’s novel. © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.