EUROPEAN MINIMUM WAGES AND EXPERIENCES Poverty and Wages Friedrich-Ebert-Foundation, ČMKOS 10. November 2015, Prag Marc Amlinger

European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger2 1. MINIMUM WAGES IN EUROPE

3European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger

North-Europe: DK, FI, NO, SE West-Europe: AT, IT, (CH) Sectorale Different minimum wages for sectors or occupations Minimum wage systems in Europe European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger4 Universal Uniform national minimum wage law Collective or tripartite agreement West-Europe: FR, LU, NL, IE, UK South-Europe: GR, MT, ES, PT East-Europe: BG, CR, CZ, HU, LV, RO, SI, (TR) West-Europe BE, DE East-Europe: EE, LT, PL, SK CY

Minimum wage in % of median wage full-time employees (2014) 5 Skandinavia: 60%-70% European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger Source: OECD (2015), Bundesagentur für Arbeit (calculations by WSI), * 2013

Share of low-wage earners European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger6 universal minimum wage sectoral minimum wages Source: Eurostat, SES.

7 Development of minimum wages in real terms European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger

Development of minimum wages in real terms (2000=100) European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger8 Source: WSI Minimum Wage Database 2015

European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger9 2. THE NEW STATUTORY MINIMUM WAGE IN GERMANY

Collective Agreements in Germany share of employees in establishments with collective agreed wages European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger Source: IAB Betriebspanel, calculations by WSI and IAB.

Share of low-wage earners in Germany in % of all employees European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger11 Anteil der Niedriglohnbeschäftigten in Deutschland (in % der abhängig Beschäftigten),

Statutory Minimum Wage in Germany EUR 8,50 since 01. January 2015 –exemptions: young employees under the age of 18 compulsory or voluntary internships up to 3 months long-term unemployed during first 6 months of employment –collectively agreed transitional period until 2017 : agricultural sector meat processing industry hair-dressing services building structure cleaning temporary work –minimum wage commission: social partners, first uprating in 2017 European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger

Wage Distribution and the Minimum Wage European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger13 Proportion of employees paid under 8,50€ in 2013: west 9,3%-16,1% east 20,1%- 31,0%

Experiences in Germany European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger Changes in average gross hourly wage by qualification 1. Quartar 2015 – % change on the same quarter of the previous year (full- and part-time employees, no marginal employment) WestEast Total1,84,2 Managerial positions2,73,0 Specialists1,93,2 Qualified1,84,2 Aquired skills2,56,4 Unskilled1,89,4 Source: Quarterly Earnings Survey, Federal Statistics Office.

Experiences in Germany European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger employment relationships subject to social insurance in April 2015 from… April 2014December 2014 total ,7% ,7% restaurants and food services ,5% ,8% business services ,8% ,9% transports and logistics ,5% ,3% marginal employment in April 2015 from… total ,0% ,8% Source: Bundesagentur für Arbeit; Schulten/Weinkopf (2015), calculations by the authors.

Thank you very much! European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger

Nationale Mindestlöhne in Euro (Januar 2015) 17European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger Quelle: WSI Mindestlohndatenbank

Entwicklung der realen Mindestlöhne Durchschnittliche Entwicklung pro Jahr European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger18 Quelle: WSI Mindestlohndatenbank 2015

Modelle zur Anpassung nationaler Mindestlöhne European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger19 1. Indexierung2. Verhandlung3. Konsultation 4. Unilaterale Entscheidung ‚Automatische' Anpassung an die Preis- und/oder Lohnentwicklung Bi- oder tripartistische Verhandlungen zwischen Arbeitgebern, Gewerkschaften und Staat Institutionalisierte Konsultationen von Arbeitgebern und Gewerkschaften Unilaterale Entscheidung durch den Staat BE, NL, LU, FR, MT, SI DE, BG, EE, PL, SK (BE in Ergänzung zu 1.) UK, PT, ES, HR, LV, LT (FR, LU, NL, SI, in Ergänzung zu 1.) CZ, GR, IE, RO, HU

Mindestlohnerfahrungen in Deutschland European minimum wages and experiences, Marc Amlinger Arbeitslose im Juni 2015 gegenüber… Juni 2014Dezember 2014 West ,2% ,4% Ost ,1% ,4% Quelle: Bundesagentur für Arbeit; Schulten/Weinkopf (2015), Berechnung der Autoren.