Relativpronomen / Relativsätze:

Präsentation zum Thema: "Relativpronomen / Relativsätze:"—  Präsentation transkript:

1 Relativpronomen / Relativsätze:
(Relative Pronouns and Relative Clauses in German) Relativpronomen / Relativsätze:

2 Relativpronomen / Relativsätze:
,,Der General … sagte: ,Morgen dürft ihr die Stadt verlassen, und die Dinge, die ihr auf eurem Rücken tragen könnt, dürft ihr auch aus der Stadt bringen.’” (Aus: ,,Die Weiber von Weinsberg”) English equivalent: … the things that/which you can carry on your back ….

3 Relativpronomen / Relativsätze:
,,Die Frauen … dachten nur an ihre Männer, die am nächsten Tag sterben mussten.” (Aus: ,,Die Weiber von Weinsberg”) English equivalent: … their men folk who were to die the next day.

4 Relativpronomen / Relativsätze:
Was wollte der General machen, dessen Armee Weinsberg erobert hatte ? (Aus: ,,Die Weiber von Weinsberg”) English equivalent: … the general … whose army had conquered Weinsberg

5 Relativpronomen die Dinge, die ihr auf eurem Rücken tragen könnt,
The relative pronoun is called that (= relative) because it stands for and refers/relates to a specific preceding noun in another clause. That noun is called ANTECEDANT. ,,Der General … sagte: ,Morgen dürft ihr die Stadt verlassen, und die Dinge, die ihr auf eurem Rücken tragen könnt, dürft ihr auch aus der Stadt bringen.’”

6 Relativpronomen am nächsten Tag sterben mussten.”
The relative pronoun is called that (= relative) because it stands for and refers/relates to a specific preceding noun in another clause. That noun is called ANTECEDANT. ,,Die Frauen … dachten nur an ihre Männer, die am nächsten Tag sterben mussten.”

7 Relativpronomen Was wollte der General machen, dessen
The relative pronoun is called that (= relative) because it stands for and refers/relates to a specific preceding noun in another clause. That noun is called ANTECEDANT. Was wollte der General machen, dessen Armee Weinsberg erobert hatte?

8 Relativpronomen: Formen
maskulin Sg. neutrum Sg. feminin Sg. Plural (m+n+f) der das die die Nominativ den das die die Akkusativ dem dem der denen Dativ dessen dessen deren deren Genitiv The German relative pronoun forms are basically the same as the definite articles. However, in the dative plural, –en is added. Similarly, all genitive forms attach/add –en. In addition, in the genitive masculine and neuter, the -s- is doubled.

9 Relativpronomen Unlike in English, the relative pronoun is NEVER OMITTED in German: Once upon a time, there was a young woman whom everybody called Cinderella. Es war einmal ein Mädchen, das alle Aschenputtel nannten. Once upon a time, there was a young woman _____ everybody called Cinderella. Es war einmal ein Mädchen, das alle Aschenputtel nannten. Once upon a time, there was a young woman who was called Cinderella. Es war einmal ein Mädchen, das Aschenputtel hieß. Once upon a time, there was a young woman _____ called Cinderella. Es war einmal ein Mädchen, das Aschenputtel hieß.

10 Relativpronomen Der junge Mann, der die Prinzessin rettete,
Unlike in English, the relative pronoun is NEVER OMITTED in German: The young man who rescued the princess was a prince. Der junge Mann, der die Prinzessin rettete, war ein Prinz. The young man ____ rescuing the princess was a prince. Der junge Mann, der die Prinzessin rettete, war ein Prinz.

11 Relativsätze Der junge Mann, der die Prinzessin rettete,
Unlike in English, German relative clauses are ALWAYS SET OFF BY COMMAS (regardless whether they are defining or non-defining): The young man who rescued the princess was a prince. Der junge Mann, der die Prinzessin rettete, war ein Prinz. The frog king, who really was a human being under an evil spell, married the princess in the end. Der Froschkönig, der wirklich ein verwünschter Mensch war, heiratete die Prinzessin am Ende.

12 RelativSätze Like most* subordinated/dependant clauses in German,
German relative clauses have the CONJUGATED VERB at the VERY END: Der junge Mann, der die Prinzessin rettete, war ein Prinz. The young man who rescued the princess was a prince. Once upon a time, there was a young woman whom everybody called Cinderella. Es war einmal ein Mädchen, das alle Aschenputtel nannten. Was wollte der General machen, dessen Armee Weinsberg erobert hatte ? *The only exception to this rule are subordinate clauses with double infinitive structures. Unlike any other non-conjugated verb part which always is at the end, double infinitives go even behind the subordinate conjugated verb (which stays at the very end) to the very, very end of the subordinated clause.

13 RelativSätze Das Tier, mit dem Rotkäppchen sprach,
Unlike in English, if there is a PREPOSITION connected to the relative pronoun, it ALWAYS PRECEDES (= goes before) the relative pronoun: Das Tier, mit dem Rotkäppchen sprach, war ein großer, böser Wolf. The animal (that) Little Red Riding Hood talked with was a big bad wolf. The castle (that) the prince went into was under a bad spell. Das Schloss, in das der Prinz ging, war verwünscht. The castle into which the prince went was under a bad spell.

14 RelativPromomen/ RelativSätze
The relative pronoun --must agree with the antecedant in number (singular/plural) and gender (masc., fem., neut.), BUT --the case of the relative pronoun depends on its function within the relative clause. Was wollte der General [singular masc.] machen, dessen [whose = possessive => genitive case] Armee Weinsberg erobert hatte? [Green + Red result: masculine genitive relative pronoun]

15 dessen [whose = possessive => genitive case]
The relative pronoun --must agree with the antecedant in number (singular/plural) and gender (masc., fem., neut.), BUT --the case of the relative pronoun depends on its function within the relative clause. Es war einmal ein kleines Mädchen [singular neuter], dessen [whose = possessive => genitive case] Vater und Mutter gestorben waren. [Green + Red result: neuter genitive relative pronoun]

16 The relative pronoun --must agree with the antecedant in number (singular/plural) and gender (masc., fem., neut.), BUT --the case of the relative pronoun depends on its function within the relative clause. Es war so arm, dass es … kein Bettchen [sg. neuter] mehr besaß, in dem [in + no motion with direction towards the object of the preposition => dative case] es schlafen konnte. [Green + Red result: neuter dative relative pronoun]

17 die [direct object => accusative case]
The relative pronoun --must agree with the antecedant in number (singular/plural) and gender (masc., fem., neut.), BUT --the case of the relative pronoun depends on its function within the relative clause. Es hatte auch nur die Kleider [plural!], die [direct object => accusative case] es auf dem Leib [= Körper] trug. [Green + Red result: plural accusative relative pronoun]

18 das [direct object => accusative case]
The relative pronoun --must agree with the antecedant in number (singular/plural) and gender (masc., fem., neut.), BUT --the case of the relative pronoun depends on its function within the relative clause. … und zu essen besaß es nur ein Stückchen Brot [sg. Neuter], das [direct object => accusative case] ihm ein mitleidiger Mensch geschenkt hatte. [Green + Red result: neuter accusative relative pronoun]

19 der das die die den das die die dem dem der denen dessen dessen deren
The relative pronoun --must agree with the antecedant in number (singular/plural) and gender (masc., fem., neut.), BUT --the case of the relative pronoun depends on its function within the relative clause. maskulin Sg. neutrum Sg. feminin Sg. Plural (m+n+f) der das die die Nominativ den das die die Akkusativ dem dem der denen Dativ dessen dessen deren deren Genitiv