Kapitel 4: Mein Tag Grammatik.

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Kapitel 4: Mein Tag Grammatik

Separable-Prefix Verbs German has many two-part verbs that consist of a verb and a short complement that affects the meaning of the main verb. Examples in both English and German. to come along: mit·kommen Rule: verb second position, prefix separates and goes to the end of the sentence or clause. A list of separable-prefix verbs in found on Seite 125. (know them!)

Examples ein·kaufen (to shop) mit·bringen (to bring along) Er kauft für die Party ein. mit·bringen (to bring along) Die Mädchen bringen zwei Bücher mit. ab·holen (to pick up) Ich hole dich um 6 Uhr ab.

Sep. Prefix cont. A separable-prefix verb shows all the same stem-vowel changes or other irregularities in the present tense. Hans schläft um 23 Uhr ein. Er nimmt den Schirm mit. Separable-prefix verbs are listed in the vocabulary of this book as follows: auf·hören

The Sentence Bracket (Satzklammer) Separable-prefix verbs show a sentence structure that is characteristic for German: the conjugated verb and its prefix form a bracket around the core of the sentence. Ich rufe dich heute Abend an. Peter geht leider nicht mit. Another example of the Satzklammer can be seen in sentences with compound verbs such as einkaufen gehen (to go shopping), tanzen gehen (to go dancing) Ich gehe morgens einkaufen. Klaus und Erika gehen Sontag tanzen.

Übungen Seite 126 – 1 Seite 127 – 3 Use the words and phrases found in the box on 128 to create your own sentences.

Modal Auxiliary Verbs Modals express an attitude toward an action. On the weekend we want to visit friends. I can come by tomorrow. The modal is the conjugated verb. The complement (the other verb) is in the infinitive form and stands at the end of the sentence. Am Wochenende wollen wir Freunde besuchen. Ich kann morgen vorbeikommen. Modals do not conjugate normally!

Conjugation of Modals dürfen können mögen müssen sollen wollen ich darf kann mag muss soll will du darfst kannst magst musst sollst willst er sie es wir ihr dürft könnt mögt müsst sollt wollt Sie

Modal notes: Mögen is generally used without a dependent infinitive. Er mag seine Arbeit im Hotel. The infinitive in a sentence with a modal verb may be omitted when its meaning is understood: Ich muss jetzt nach Hause (gehen). Er will das nicht (machen).

möchten Möchten (would like to) acts like a modal Wir möchten morgen Tennis spielen. It does conjugate irregularly.

Conjugation of möchten ich möchte wir möchten du möchtest ihr möchtet er sie Sie es

Sprachtipp The indefinite pronoun man (one, people, you, they) is used to talk about a general activity. Man darf hier nicht parken. Man is used with the third person singular verb form.

Übungen Seite 131 – 6, 7, 8 Seite 132 – 9, 10, 11 Seite 133 – 12

The Imperative (Command Form) The Imperative is the verb form used to make requests and recommendations and to give instructions, advice, or commands. There are three forms, each has its own formation. All imperative sentences end with an exclamation point.

Informal Singular Speaking to one person (du) Drop –en kommen – Komm! anrufen – Ruf an!

Informal Plural Talking to multiple people (ihr) Drop –en , add –t kommen – Kommt! anrufen – Ruft an!

Formal Speaking to someone older, different social class etc. (Sie) Leave the –en add Sie Kommen – Kommen Sie! Anrufen – Rufen Sie an!

Irregularities The imperative of the verb SEIN is irregular. Verbs that show a vowel change from a to ä or au to äu have no umlaut in the imperative. du fährst – Fahr! du läufst – Lauf! Bitte may be used to “soften” the command Sprechen Sie bitte Deutsch! Doch and mal are often also used and have no English equivalent. Komm doch heute vorbei! Rufen Sie mich mal an!

Irregular Imperative Forms Infinitive Singular Plural Formal fahren Fahr! Fahrt! Fahren Sie! sprechen Sprich! Spricht! Sprechen Sie! arbeiten Arbeite! Arbeitet! Arbeiten Sie! sein Sei! Seid! Seien Sie!

Übungen Seite 134 – 14 Seite 136 – 15, 16, 17 Seite 137 – 18