Social Media Anti-Radicalisation Training for Credible Voices 25.07.2013

Dr. Holger Nitsch KHK Jürgen Teubert Table Top Exercise & Train the Trainer Dr. Holger Nitsch KHK Jürgen Teubert

Die ‘PREVENT’ Strategie Grundlage Die ‘PREVENT’ Strategie

Was ist PREVENT? PREVENT ist ein Schlüsselelement der britischen Antiterrorstrategie CONTEST

Zielsetzung Die Prevent Strategie strebt an: Auf alle Formen des Terrorismus und Extremismus einzugehen Menschen davon abzuhalten Terroristen oder Unterstützer von Terroristen zu werden

Einzelziele Auf die ideologische Herausforderung des Terrorismus und Extremismus und auf die Bedrohung von den Personen, die diese fördern, zu reagieren Personen vor der Gefahr zu schützen, in den Terrorismus hineingezogen zu werden und ihnen mit Rat und Unterstützung zur Seite zu stehen Solche gesellschaftlichen Bereiche und Institutionen zu unterstützen, in denen es Gefahren der Radikalisierung gibt

Ergebnisse Radikalisierung ist meist ein Prozess kein Ereignis Während dieses Prozesses ist es möglich Personen, die gefährdet sind in terroristisch Aktivitäten verwickelt zu werden, zu identifizieren, zu intervenieren und diese davon abzuhalten

Keine Aufgabe nur für die Polizei Private Initiativen Kommunen + Schulen Keine Aufgabe nur für die Polizei

Alle Mitglieder der Gemeinschaft Der Etagen Ansatz Etage 1 Alle Mitglieder der Gemeinschaft

Alle mitglieder der Gesellschaft Der Etagen Ansatz Etage 1 Alle mitglieder der Gesellschaft Etage 2 Der Gefährdete

Ausrichtung zum Extremismus Alle Mitgleider der Gemeinschaft Der Etagen Ansatz Etage 3 Ausrichtung zum Extremismus Etage 2 Der Gefährdete Etage 1 Alle Mitgleider der Gemeinschaft

Alle Mitglieder der Gemeinschaft Ausrichtung zum Extremismus Der Etagen Ansatz Etage 1 Alle Mitglieder der Gemeinschaft Etage 2 Der Gefährdete Etage 3 Ausrichtung zum Extremismus Etage 4 Aktiver Gesetzes- verstoß

Polizei, Partner und Kommunen Vorsorge / Prevent: Nicht nur eine polizeilich geführte Aktivität Erfordert effektive Partnerschaft Nachbarschaftspolitik Engagierte Kommunen Credible voice?

Credible Voice Eine glaubwürdige Stimme ist: Eine Person/Gruppe/Organisation, die in der Lage ist eine Gemeinschaft / Gesellschaft oder einen Teil davon authentisch und offen zu repräsentieren positive Nachrichten effektiv kommunizieren kann.

Credible Voice Schwer zu gewinnen und leicht zu verlieren Vertrauen und Zutrauen in Vertreter der Gemeinschaft: Schwer zu gewinnen und leicht zu verlieren Verlangt diplomatisches und sensibles Vorgehen Ist entscheidend für den Erfolg

Einführung Video Deso Dogg Video Manuel Bauer

Überblick Semi-strukturierte, nachvollziehbare und szenario-basierte Übung ‘4R’ Zyklus Design: React, Response, Repercussions, Review (Reaktion, Antwort, Auswirkung, Bewertung) Übung und Szenario ist in drei Phasen aufgeteilt

Exercise Structure ‘4R’

Die Rolle des Trainers Der Trainer ist der Schlüssel für eine erfolgreiche Übung. Der Trainer führt die Glaubhafte Stimme durch die Übung innerhalb eines gesetzen Rahmens und erlaubt auch Raum für Diskussion und Interaktion Der Trainer hört zu, engagiert sich, fragt, fordert heraus, ermutigt, unterstützt und bezieh jeden in die Diskussion mit ein

Ziel der Übung Das Ziel von SMART CV ist ein Training für die Unterstützung der Entwicklung von Glaubwürdigen Stimmen (Credible Voices) zur Verfügung zu stellen. Diese sollen durch ihr Handeln die Bürger in ihren Gemeinden auch mit Hilfe von sozialen Medien schützen, um die Möglichkeiten der Radikalisierung nach terroristischen Anschlägen zu minimieren.

Übungsziel Am Ende der Übung wird der Teilnehmer in der Lage sein; Zu erklären wie extreme und efährliche Kommentare in sozialen Netzwerken einen negativen Effekt für die Geesellschaft nach einem terroristischen Anschlag haben können Explain the role of an on-line Credible Voice to safeguard against opportunities for radicalisation following a terrorist event Demonstrate how a Credible Voice can support Law Enforcement Agency efforts to counter extreme and harmful narratives online following a terrorist event Explain how they can provide positive narratives and become a Credible Voice of their community to prevent the opportunities for radicalisation following a terrorist event

Session Objectives Explanation of terms Table top Exercise Final thoughts The aim of today’s exercise is to consider the role that members of society can play during or after an incident that can have an impact on their community, and how social media can be used. Before we start the exercise we will briefly discuss what social media means, who and what is a credible voice and provide an overview of radicalisation. Following on from this there will be a table top exercise and finally we will focus on some final thoughts and take any questions you may have.

Setting the scene…

Social Media – here are just a select few examples which you might be familiar with.

What is Social Media? Online technology which people can use to share opinions, different perspectives and insights. It can take the form of TEXT, IMAGES, AUDIO and VIDEO Examples include: ‘Facebook’ - social networking ‘Twitter’ – micro-blogging ‘Flikr’ – video / photo sharing site News blogs So - what is social media? Essentially, social media incorporates the online technology and methods through which people can share content, personal opinions, swap different perspectives and insights into world issues or events. It can take the form of: Text - text is often used to put across opinions or write blog posts. Images - images and photos can display anything from holiday photos to shots by professional photographers. Audio - social media lets you create podcasts for users to download. Video - video sites mean that you'll be able to record a video of your child's birthday for friends all over the world to see Just a few examples, which you might have heard of include: Facebook – this is what is known as a social networking site where people can share information about themselves and what they are doing and converse with friends worldwide. Twitter – this is what is known as a micro-blogging site, where people write a small message (a ‘Tweet’) about what they are doing, what is happening, or voice their opinions about a particular event or situation. These messages can then be seen across the globe by anyone with access to Twitter. Flikr – this is an example of a photo and video sharing website where people can upload their pictures and share them with either a specific selection of people or anyone with access to the internet. News Blogs – where news providers can update their followers about the most recent and breaking news headlines, and people can respond with their own comments and opinions.

What is Radicalisation? A process by which an individual or group comes to adopt increasingly extreme political, social, or religious ideals and aspirations that reject or undermine the norm

Ursachen für Radikslisierung Ihre Ideen? Missinterpretation einer Religion / Ideologie Soziale Ausgrenzung Diskriminierung Fehlende soziale Identität Jugendlich, leicht beeinflussbar Ökonomische Benachteiligung, Armut Humiliation Distrust of those in power Being targeted by a radical group Seeing innocent people caught in the cross fire of war Globalisation – mass transit Internet, use of social media = ease of communication There are many factors which influence how and why someone becomes radicalised. These factors tend to be linked. It is very rare that there is only one reason which influences a person to adopt a radical view. Some examples of the triggers of radicalisation include: 1. Misinterpretation of an idea, for example misunderstanding a religious book, a meaning, or the message a group conveys. 2. Exclusion / rejection from certain social groups. 3. Discrimination / harassment due to being from a certain background, culture or religion. Whether this is real of perceived. 4. Young, easily influenced individuals with a lack of social identity – who are trying to work out who they are and which group they belong to. An example of such might be a young British born Pakistani who is encouraged to speak Urdu at home and follow a traditional upbringing but speaks English at school and is encouraged by his friends to follow a western way of life. This young man is unsure which group to identify with and when taken on holiday to Pakistan to visit family his cousins tease him that he does not fit into their culture either. 5. Economic deprivation, poverty or feeling unfairly disadvantaged compared to others. 6. Feelings of humiliation – whether this is in person or on behalf of people from a certain culture, triggered by: Witnessing police brutality A distrust of the government or those in a position of power Disagreeing with particular policies. A countries involvement in war. Seeing innocent people being caught up in the cross fire of war. 7. Being targeted by a radical group – An example is X who lost a parent at a young age as a result of war, who was bullied at school and never felt accepted. X meets a far right wing group that offers them a feeling of acceptance and being part of a family for the first time in their life and quickly becomes indoctrinated in the views of this group, even though prior to this X had no involvement in the far right wing and held no radical right wing views. 8. Globalisation – developments in technology, mass transit and the internet and the use of social media make it far easier for radical ideas to be shared across the globe amongst mass audiences.

The Aftermath of Radicalisation This is a brief example of how radicalisation can affect communities.

Just over 7 years ago ladies and gentleman three young men, from less than ½ mile from where we are sitting now, got into a car, picked up a fourth male from Luton and went on to London to commit the biggest atrocity the UK has seen since the 2nd World War – the 7/7 bombings, as a result of being radicalised. The authorities had no suspicion that the attack was being planned. The ground floor flat in Leeds being used by this team as their bomb factory smelt of noxious fumes, plants and hedges outside the windows were dead and stained from hydrogen peroxide fumes, and paintwork inside the premises was blistered. Neighbours later said that they noticed these things but did not know who to speak to. Had we had a Prevent team in place, or had the right people to speak out in the community – could this attack have been avoided? The answer to this question is that we will never know, but we might have been better prepared if credible voices within the community had been identified.

Just over 7 years ago ladies and gentleman three young men, from less than ½ mile from where we are sitting now, got into a car, picked up a fourth male from Luton and went on to London to commit the biggest atrocity the UK has seen since the 2nd World War – the 7/7 bombings, as a result of being radicalised. The authorities had no suspicion that the attack was being planned. The ground floor flat in Leeds being used by this team as their bomb factory smelt of noxious fumes, plants and hedges outside the windows were dead and stained from hydrogen peroxide fumes, and paintwork inside the premises was blistered. Neighbours later said that they noticed these things but did not know who to speak to. Had we had a Prevent team in place, or had the right people to speak out in the community – could this attack have been avoided? The answer to this question is that we will never know, but we might have been better prepared if credible voices within the community had been identified.

Exercise

Imagine you are residents within a city. City Profile Industrial town surrounded by large farming area Diverse population High poverty and unemployment Resentment towards the immigrant population Lack of support and grants for farmers Home of a large University – Domestic and International students Events: Up and coming International Cycle Race and march of troops returning from Afghanistan Imagine you are residents within a city. This city is an industrial town that also has a large farming community in the surrounding areas. The city has a very diverse and established community comprising a number of people from ethnic minority’s particularity from Pakistan, India and the Caribbean. The majority of recent emerging communities are Somalis, followed by Iranians, Iraqis and Eritreans (This can easily be substituted for Roma Gypsies, Turkish Kurds etc…) Because of the fragmented nature of these communities, there is evidence that they do not have a collective voice and may lack capacity to support the mainstream messages against radicalisation. The youth groups in the area have not had financial support or facilities available to them that more established communities have. As a result the new and emerging communities rely on ‘café culture’ and ‘cyber café’ meeting groups and regularly meet as street groups. They regularly use social media to contact relatives and friends in their Mother Countries. The rise in poverty and unemployment has contributed to a growing sense of not only anti-immigrant resentment but also anger towards both the local and national governments. There is also anger amongst the farming community about for EU grants local grants are not being given to those who really need it. The City University: The University is home to both British and international students from such places as Israel, Pakistan and the United States of America. Upcoming events: The start of a world renowned cycle race is due in the city in a few weeks time. To celebrate this there will also be a march by troops returning from combat duties in Afghanistan. This is to vastly increase visitors to the city and also attract a large television audience from around the world.

Setting the Scene Tuesday Morning rush hour No concerns amongst commuters THINKING CAPS ON!! It is a normal Tuesday morning. You are going about your usual routine.

You suddenly hear this breaking news… Exercise 1 (a) NEW FEED 1. 09:21 BREAKING NEWS: LARGE EXPLOSION AT CITY CENTRE BUS STATION Reports are coming in that a large explosion has rocked the city centre You suddenly hear this breaking news…

Social Media Feed 1(a) 1. 09:22 Explosion at bus station- city centre, more to follow @petesmithAAB AAB News – Breaking News @BreakingNews 2. 09:25 The city centre completely cordoned off, roads are blocked and it is chaos everywhere! What’s going on? Omar a qurasishi @omar_a_quarishi 3. 09:25 Something terrible has happened at the bus station. People are covered in blood everywhere #completecarnage Tanya Jenkins @tanya_6722175

Questions Exercise 1(a) Put social media tweets back up Questions: Share your initial reactions to the news / social media bulletins What do you think has happened? Give each table a flip chart sheet with a question on. Take a few minutes to discuss these question with the people on your table. Trainer Prompt: WALK ROUND AND SPEAK TO TABLES to encourage ideas and communication between the delegates. Ask each table to answer one of the questions. ANSWERS: PICK PEOPLE AT RANDOM NOT GO ROUND EACH TABLE (MAX 10 minutes?)

A further news bulletin has just been aired. Exercise 1(b) New Feed 2. 09:45 TOP NEWS: BUS EXPLOSION We are now receiving reports that some of the casualties from the explosion are thought to be International students from the city’s University. A further news bulletin has just been aired.

Social Media Feed 1(b) 4. 09:47 My friend was on a coach trip from the University, his name is Efrayim Reznik, does anyone know how I find out if he is ok? Samuel Henderson @samh_henderson24 5. 09:47 HELPLINES: Police Control Room +44 116 2261342 / City Hospital +44 116 3735555 / St. George Hospital +44 116 8690506 Useful information can be found at: http://city.blogspot.com/ Bus Station Explosion @busstationexplosion 6. 09:50 I’m stuck in the bus station – they are trying to get people out and deal with the injured as quickly as they can. Does anyone know if it was a bomb? Zola Levi @zolalevi74 Bus Station Explosion

7. 09:52 There’s smoke everywhere in the bus station, it must have been a bomb. Jessica Reed @jeesiR771234 8. 09:59 I’ve started a photo blog check my Flikr page www.Flikr.vinkukimarsingh/114.com Vinkukimar Singh @VSingh1983a

Questions Exercise 1(b) Put social media tweets or photos back up. Where else could you look for relevant information? Give each table a flip chart sheet with a question on. Take a few minutes to discuss this question with the people on your table. Trainer Prompt: TV Radio Neighbours Friends Word of mouth / gossip Police Help lines (MAX 30 - 40 minutes?)

TRAIN THE TRAINER Train the trainer: West Yorkshire Police has both a Facebook and Twitter page which it uses to regularly update the public about events, meetings, crime statistics and areas of concern

Social Media Feed 2 10. 10:15 Does anyone know if the International students were a target? Sylvia the Student @sylviaville 11. 10:17 Who cares if the people on that bus are from the University. I don’t like Universities. They are breeding grounds for bombers. The Detroit bomber was educated at a University. David Pegg @david_pegg4562 12. 10:23 I saw a foreign looking male running away from the bus station after the explosion happened. Did anyone else see him? GuyCode @GuyCode More and more comments are being added to social media sites. These are just a select few comments which are being made.

13. 10:23 I was there and I didn’t see a muslim male running away, but it wouldn’t surprise me. Al Qaeda terrorist attack again! John Smith @Theresonlyonejsmith 14. 10:25 Muslims are a threat to world peace, and what about those gypsies and kurds too? Roger Paine @rogerandout 15. 10:30 You must be incredibly ignorant to come out with those comments instead of expressing sympathy for those who have been caught up in this. How do we know what the motivation for this attack was? #world peace Rob Briton @abritonsurviving 16. 10:33 Rob Briton you’re deluded - we all know this was another jihadist crazed bomber. We need to protect our country against this evil. RISE UP CITY! #riseupnow X Right Wing @extremerightwing14

A Choudary @muslimsagainstcrusades 17. 10:35 You white right wing scum are all the same. Whatever you throw at us we will come back twice as hard. A Choudary @muslimsagainstcrusades It is clear to see that things are escalating quickly

Questions Exercise 2 Put social media feed back up? Questions: Give each table a flip chart sheet with a question on. Take a few minutes to discuss these question with the people on your table. Who would be most affected by such comments? What could the consequences of such comments be? Trainer Prompt: GO ROUND TALKING TO EACH TABLE WHO WOULD BE MOST LIKELY TO BE RADICALISED? (MAX 45 minutes.) Ask each group to consider the profile of who they think the perpetrator might be? Male, female, background, why they’ve done this, how, when, where… Hand out further information sheets – 2 weeks later and 3 weeks later

Train the Trainer What are the laws, regulations and restrictions regarding social media in your country?

Case Study During the summer riots of 2011 in Britain an unemployed landscape gardener named Sutcliffe, who had just one previous conviction, created a Face book page entitled ‘The Warrington Riots’ and urged 400 friends to join him in creating mayhem. A further male named Blackshaw (a petty criminal) created an event called ‘Smash Down in Northwich Town’ and invited 147 people to gather at a McDonald’s in the centre of the historic town for a looting spree. Both pages were quickly spotted by the police and taken down before any violence occurred. Even though nothing happened as a result of these pages both males were arrested, charged and were later sentenced to 4 years each in prison for inciting riot.

Life in the city post incident… Hand out information sheets: Two weeks later And after this has been read and digested… Three weeks later The groups should be given time to consider what has happened post event, and can be given a few minutes to chat about this. There is no requirement to ask them to feed back their thoughts.

Exercise 3 Q1) If a similar situation were to happen how would YOU help to bring your community back to normality? Q2) How could you use social media to help in this? Q3) What tools do you think you would need to assist moving forward? Discuss these questions with your table Trainer prompt: GO ROUND TALKING TO EACH TABLE TOOLS - means training, exposure to social media, where can they obtain further training? Linked courses etc? Once discussion has finished,.. SHOW FINAL VIDEO SLIP FROM S.A.V.E Explanation prior to clip being shown: This clip captures the stories of mothers whose children have committed acts of violent extremism as a result of being radicalised. The mothers discuss how the choices their children made had a devastating affect on their lives, and the lives of their families and communities. AFTER THE VIDEO Hopefully you will all agree that the importance of acting against radicalisation as a credible voice is more important now more than ever due to the rise in use of social media. The role that you play as a credible voice in your community is KEY to reducing radicalisation and ensuring the correct and right messages reach your friends, colleagues, family and associates. “Thank you all for your input, does anyone have any final questions?” END

SAVE: Sisters Against Violent Extremism To use the film ‘Mother’ please either contact email: office@women-without-borders.org Or http://www.women-without-borders.org

Any ?

Group Discussions

How will you personalise SMART CV to suit your communities?

next steps…

Thank You

With the financial support of the Prevention of and Fight against Crime Programme, European Commission - Directorate-General Home Affairs smart.cvteam@westyorkshire.pnn.police.uk