Baikal-Amanda-IceCube

Präsentation zum Thema: "Baikal-Amanda-IceCube"—  Präsentation transkript:

1 Baikal-Amanda-IceCube
Neutrino-Astronmie in DESY Zeuthen Christian Spiering, Technisches Seminar, Mai2004

2 Entdeckung der Kosmischen Strahlen 1912 Viktor Hess (Nobelpreis 1936)

3 Kosmische Strahlen 1 TeV (HERA)

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7 

8 Neutrino-Teleskope in Wasser und Eis
 

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10 Amanda Baikal Super-K Antares Nestor Km3: IceCube

11 Das Baikal Experiment

12 3600 m 1366 m NT-200 Lake Baikal: The Site

13 Camp

14 - 8 strings 192 optische Module Zeuthen: 2 N2-Laser DAQ in Uferstation Div. Elektronik Ersatzteil-Käufe Finanz-Unterstützung

15 BED Wasserdicht: ~ 900 Stecker ohne Leck !!!

16 Eines der ersten Neutrino-Ereignisse, die mit dem Baikal-Teleskop registiert wurden. (1996)

17 Upgrade: NT-200+ NT-200 36 zusätzliche PMTs  4x besser Sensitivität !
cascades Upgrade: NT-200+ NT-200 140 m 36 zusätzliche PMTs  4x besser Sensitivität !

18 A lesson on electro-corrosion
+ -  40m  unexpected electro-corrosion after > 6 years

19 points of problems + - Two out of four cables have broken during installation works in Spring 2003. Detector runs only with 5 strings in Two new cables in March 2004.

20 Projekte im Mittelmeer Die Konkurrenz: 2400m ANTARES 4100m 3400m NEMO
NESTOR

21 Neutrinoteleskope im Meer
Dumand Nestor Antares Nemo

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23 Neumayer Amundsen-Scott Mirny Vostok Concordia Mc Murdo
Dumont D‘Urville Concordia Antarktis

24 Südpol Dark sector Landebahn AMANDA Dome

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26 AMANDA-II 677 optische Module an 19 Trossen Installation

27 Drilling Hot water drilling 2 MW power 3-4 days / 2 km 60 cm hole

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29 The Counting House Counting House

30 AMANDA Event Signatures: Muons
CC muon neutrino interaction  track nm + N  m + X

31 Himmelskarte Amanda-II, 2000
697 Spuren von unten Von oben: größtenteils nicht durch Neutrinos hervorgerufen

32 SS-433

33 Close by objects Sun SS-433 Crab - Nebula Cyg-X1 LMC SMC
30 kpc = ly

34 the sensitivity needed to search from neutrino fluxes
Intrinsic source  spectrum (corrected for IR absorption) Measured  spectrum AMANDA average flux limit for two assumed spectral indices , compared to the average gamma flux of Markarian 501 as observed in 1997 by HEGRA. AMANDA-II has reached the sensitivity needed to search from neutrino fluxes from TeV gamma sources of similar strength to the instrinsic gamma flux.

35 Expected sensitivity for AMANDA 97-03
m  cm-2 s-1 southern sky northern sky 4 years Super-Kamiokande 170 days AMANDA-B10 10-14 230 days AMANDA-II 8 years MACRO SS-433 Mk-501 / ~ 1 10-15 Expected sensitivity for AMANDA 97-03 -90 -45 90 45 declination (degrees)

36 Search for diffuse excess of extra- terrestrial high energy neutrinos
 bound WB bound DUMAND FREJUS MACRO Muons in Amanda-B10 (1997) Expectation Amanda-II, 3 years Expectation IceCube, 3 years log E /GeV

37 Suche nach dunkler Materie (  )
  Amanda Suche nach einem Überschuss von Neutrinos aus der gegenseitigen Vernichtung von Teilchen der dunklen Materie, die vom Schwerefeld der Sonne eingefangen wurden.

38 Upper limits on muon flux from
neutralino annihilations in center of Sun ANTARES und ICECUBE: Erwartung aus Monte-Carlo Simulationen

39 Relativistische Magnetische Monopole
10-16 10-15 10-14 10-18 10-17  = v/c 1.00 0.75 0.50 Soudan KGF Baikal MACRO Orito upper limit (cm-2 s-1 sr-1) Cherenkov-Licht  n2·(g/e)2 Amanda  electrons n = 1.33 (g/e) = 137/ 2 IceCube  8300

40 Amanda/IceCube als Supernova Monitor
Amanda-II B10: 60% der Galaxis A-II: 95% der Galaxis IceCube: bis zu LMC Amanda-B10 sec Count rates IceCube

41 IceCube - 80 Strings - 4800 PMT Instrumentiertes Volumen: 1 km3
AMANDA South Pole IceTop IceCube - 80 Strings PMT Instrumentiertes Volumen: 1 km3 Installation: ~ atm. per year

42 Die IceCube-Kollaboration
Bartol Research Institute UC Berkeley UC Iivine Pennsylvania State UW Madison UW River Falls LBL Berkeley U. Simón Bolivar, Caracas VUB, Brussel ULB-IHEE, Bruxelles U. de Mons-Hainaut Imperial College, London DESY, Zeuthen Mainz Universität Wuppertal Universität Stockholm Universitet Uppsala Universitet Kalmar Universitet South Pole Station Antarctica New Zealand Venezuela USA (10) Europa (11) Japan

43 Bohren: von Amanda zu IceCube
Amanda IceCube Heat (surface) MW 5 MW Time to 2400 m hours hours Fuel (gal/hole) 10, ,000 7, ,000 Set-up Time 5-6 weeks days

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45 ICECUBE Drilling

46 winch

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48 Digital Optical Module - (DOM)
 Captures waveforms with - 250 MHz first ns MHz over 5000 ns  Time-stamps each pulse - r.m.s. < 5 nsec  Dynamic range PE over ns PE over 5000 ns  Dead time < 1 %  Noise rate < 500 Hz DOM 33 cm

49 HV Base Flasher Board DOM Mainboard Delay Board

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52 DOR: DOM Readout card 96V DOM Power Quad Cable Con. Power Switch
Comm. DAC Clock & Time String port Comm. ADC PLD Comm. Rec. FPGA FLASH SRAM JTAG I would like to present you two examples of fast link interfaces, designed in our lab. For both cards block schemes, test results and conclusions will be presented. DOR: DOM Readout card

53 DOR DOM Traffic over 2 km twisted pair cable: supply voltage
slow control FADC output synchro-signals ( require 5 nsec accuracy) DOM

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55 Produktion optischer Module
in Zeuthen

56 Room 1: preparation of components cleaning pouring

57 Room 2: assembly integration functionality test

58 1st Produktion 1.3.2004 : First DOM produced at DESY End of February:
First 2 kits of electronic boards arrived at Zeuthen : First DOM produced at DESY

59 Dark Freezer Lab - 45 °C

60 Simulierte IceCube  Events
Eµ=10 TeV, 90 hits Eµ=6 PeV, 1000 hits

61 Effektive Fläche von IceCube
Aeff / km2 cos 

62 Expected sensitivities to steady point sources
m  cm-2 s-1 Expected sensitivities to steady point sources 10-14 2001 10-15 SS-433 2003 GX 339-4 Mk-501 / ~ 1 2007 10-16 „typical“ predictions for AGN, SNR, ... 10-17 2012 -90 -45 90 45

63 Neutrinos hören ?

64 Maximum of emission at ~ 20 kHz
neutrino P t 50s Schallwelle Attenuation length of cold ice at kHz: ~ 2 km (light: ~ 100 meters)

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67 • • • • amplitude Einfluss auf: Absorptionslänge Streulänge
Schallgeschwindigkeit • • • •

68 180 MeV Protonen Uppsala Test-Beam

69 RICE AGASA Amanda, Baikal 2002 2004 RICE AGASA AUGER nt Anita AABN 2007 2012 km3 EUSO Auger Akustik?

70 Ende