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The Perfect Tense

You use the Perfect Tense to talk about things that happened in the PAST

The Perfect Tense is made up of 2 parts Most verbs take the conjugated form of ‘haben’ (to have) + Past Participle – the bit at the END of the sentence!!!! Ich habe….geputzt (I brushed/cleaned)

Let’s have a look at the different forms of ‘haben’ Ich du Sie (formal) er (he, e.g. mein Bruder) sie (she, e.g. meine Schwester) es (it) / man (one) wir ihr sie (plural) habe hast haben hat hat hat haben habt haben

How do you form this ‘Past Participle? Take the infinitive, e.g. Take away the ‘en’ ending Insert ‘ge’ and ‘t’ That’s it for REGULAR VERBS! EASY!! putzen putz geputzt

Regular verbs using ‘haben’ Ich habe meine Zähne geputzt Ich habe meine Sachen gepackt Er hat eine Hose gekauft Er hat die Hose anprobiert Es hat Spaß gemacht

Have you noticed….? There was one exception to the rule: there are some verbs, e.g. anprobieren, fotografieren, fotokopieren, besuchen etc. that end in ‘t’ but do not have the ‘ge’ at the front. Why? It doesn’t sound right!!

Irregular verbs using ‘haben’ Ich habe mich gewaschen Wir haben Mittag gegessen Ich habe meine Freunde getroffen Du hast das Haus verlassen

Have you noticed….? Most Participles start with ‘ge’ and end in ‘en’ This is often the case with IRREGULAR VERBS or STRONG verbs. Some verbs also have a ‘stem’ change like ‘getroffen’ Exception: there are some verbs, e.g. verlassen that end in ‘en’ but do not have the ‘ge’ at the front. Why? It doesn’t sound right!!

Some verbs like ‘gehen’ totally do their own thing and have the conjugated form of ‘sein’ (to be) + PAST PARTICIPLE

Let’s have a look at the different forms of ‘sein’ Ich du Sie (formal) er (he, e.g. mein Bruder) sie (she, e.g. meine Schwester) es (it) / man (one) wir ihr sie (plural) bin bist sind ist ist ist sind seid sind

Irregular verbs using ‘sein’ Wir sind nach Hause gefahren Sie ist in die Küche gegangen Ich bin um 7 Uhr aufgewacht Er ist um 8 Uhr aufgestanden

Verbs that take ‘sein’ instead of ‘haben’ are usually verbs that express movement, e.g. going or travelling somewhere However, when there is a change of ‘state’, you also need to use ‘sein’. Example: You were asleep but now you are awake – change of state You weren’t born but then you came into this life – change of state Ich bin ….geboren (I was born) Er ist….gestorben (He died) Ich bin ….umgezogen (I moved)