Type / function / form Type of words: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives etc. their function in a sentence: subject, predicate, object etc. their form.

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 Präsentation transkript:

Type / function / form Type of words: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives etc. their function in a sentence: subject, predicate, object etc. their form depending on their function: nominative, accusative, genitive etc.

Cases / Fälle The teacher gives the girl her brother‘s apple. Der Lehrer gibt –nominative (subject) dem Mädchen –dative(indirect object) den Apfel –accusative(direct object) ihres Bruders –genitive(possessive object)

Cases / Fälle There are four different cases in German: the nominative –used for the subject of a sentence and for predicate nouns the accusative –used for direct objects and certain prepositions the dative –used for indirect objects, certain prepositions and some special verbs the genitive –used to show possession or close relationships

Cases / Fälle Old English seo cwen geseah Þone guman the woman saw the man se guma geseah Þa cwen the man saw the woman

Cases / Fälle The woman saw the man Shesawhim Die Frau sieht den Mann Siesiehtihn The man saw the woman Hesawher Der Mann sieht die Frau Ersiehtsie

Personal Pronous Ime youyou hehim sheher itit weus youyou theythem ichmich dudich erihn siesie eses wiruns ihreuch siesie

Präpositionen mit Akkusativ bis durch für gegen ohne um until Ich bin bis nächsten Montag hier. through Ich gehe durch den Park. for against Ich bin gegen ihn. without Ich komme ohne ihn. around, at Ich gehe um den Park.

möchte I would like to get a CD for Christmas Ich möchte eine CD zu Weihnachten bekommen. He would like to buy a new wintercoat. Er möchte einen neuen Wintermantel kaufen. Two verbs: predicate AND infinitive completion In German the infinitive completion ends the clause.

TRANSLATION (Exercise 11) Jürgen wohnt in Hamburg. Er hat einen Onkel und eine Tante. Aber bis jetzt hat er [noch] keine Weihnachtsgeschenke für sie, und nächsten Freitag möchte er in die Innenstadt gehen. Er findet nichts langweiliger als Weihnachtsgeschenke suchen. Seine Verwandten sind ein Problem. Sein Onkel liest nur die Zeitung und [er] hat kein Interesse für moderne Literatur und seine Tante behält ihre Geschenke nicht. Man kauft Tante Friede einen Pullover und nächste Weihnachten bekommt Jürgens Mutter oder Schwester einen „neuen“ Pullover. Jürgen hat diese Probleme nicht. Er bekommt gern viele Kleider. Für ihn gibt es nie genug Geschenke.