The perfect tense What has happened? LO: to understand the use and construction of the perfect tense in German. LO: to understand the use and construction.

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The perfect tense What has happened? LO: to understand the use and construction of the perfect tense in German. LO: to understand the use and construction of the perfect tense in German.

What is the perfect tense used for? The perfect tense is used to talk about things which have happened before now, in other words, in the past. Frank baked a cake last Saturday. Letzten Samstag hat Frank einen Kuchen gebacken. I have just done my homework. Ich habe gerade meine Hausaufgaben gemacht. We went to the cinema at the weekend. Wir sind am Wochenende ins Kino gegangen. They got changed after the match. Sie haben sich nach dem Spiel umgezogen.

How is the perfect tense constructed? In German, the perfect tense has 3 parts: -person/subject (ich, Frank, Das Wetter usw) -the present tense of haben or sein (learn all the parts of these verbs) -the verb in its perfect tense form (called the past participle) Past participles are easy to recognise as they nearly always start with ge- and end either with -t or -en: gegessen - eaten gemacht - done/made gefahren - travelled/driven Each verb has one past participle. Weak verb past participles can be worked out but strong verb past participles must be learnt off by heart. You have a strong verb list to help you with this. Spend time learning these verbs. They are essential to be a competent German speaker and writer.

How is the perfect tense constructed? The form of haben or sein will be the main verb of the sentence and so must be second idea. This form must match the subject of the sentence. ich habe gehört (I have heard) du hast gehört (You have heard) er/sie/hat/man gehört (He/she/it/one has heard) wir haben gehört (We have heard) ihr habt gehört (You have heard) Sie haben gehört (You have heard) sie haben gehört (They have heard) THE PAST PARTICIPLE GOES TO THE END OF THE SENTENCE.

Check your understanding. How many examples of the perfect tense can you see in this text? Wir haben unsere Katze verloren? Wir sind neulich in diese Stadt gezogen und sie ist verschwunden. Mieze ist schwarz und weiß und sehr freundlich. Wir wohnen in der Friedrichsstraße 34. Haben Sie Mieze gesehen? Ist sie bei Ihnen?

Haben or sein in the perfect tense? All weak (regular) verbs use haben in the perfect tense to mean “have”. Sabine hat gestern eine Torte gemacht. Wir haben dir ein Geschenk gekauft. Du hast sehr gut Fußball gespielt. Lots of strong (irregular) verbs use sein in the perfect tense to mean “have”. These verbs are verbs to do with movement from one place to another, changes of state and the one exception - bleiben. Ich bin gestern in die Stadt gefahren. Du bist größer geworden. Wir sind zu Hause geblieben. These are some very common verbs which take sein in the perfect tense: bleiben, gehen, fahren, fallen, fliegen, kommen, laufen, schwimmen, sein, sinken, springen, steigen, sterben, werden. Some verbs which use sein in the perfect tense can sometimes use haben. They do this when they take a direct object. Compare: Meine Mutter ist in die Stadt gefahren. Meine Mutter hat das Auto gefahren.

Check your understanding. Complete the sentences with the correct form of sein or haben. 1.Ich ……………. meiner Freundin eine geschickt 2.Meine Mutter ……………. über eine Urlaubsreise im Internet gelesen. 3.Die Werbung ……………. heutzutage sehr wichtig geworden. 4.Vom Zug ……………. wir den Kölner Dom gesehen. 5.Was ……………. ihr gestern Abend gemacht? 6.Ich ……………. zehn Tage in einem Luxushotel geblieben. 7.Mein Bruder ……………. schon nach Hause gegangen. 8.Nach dem Frühstück ……………. mein Vater das Auto gewaschen. 9.……………. du ein neues Handy gekauft? 10.Im Mai ……………. meine Freunde und ich nach Genf geflogen. habe hat ist haben habt bin ist hat Hast sind

Weak/Regular verbs in the perfect tense Most weak (regular) verbs form their past participle by: adding ge- to the stem of the infinitive and changing the final -en/-n to -t machen mach gemach gemacht (made/done) spielen spiel gespiel gespielt (played) NB: You don’t have to add ge- to verbs beginning with be-, ent-, er-, ge-, ver-, zer-, or verbs ending in -ieren: bestellen - bestellt (ordered) entdecken - entdeckt (discovered) erzählen - erzählt (told) verdienen - verdient (earned) informieren - informiert (informed) Separable verbs put the ge- in the middle of the separable bit and the verb: anschalten - angeschaltet (switched on) aussuchen - ausgesucht (selected)

Check your understanding. Write the infinitives of these past participles and give their English meanings: gesagterwähnt gestelltgeantwortet aufgewachtzugehört telefonierteingeführt Rewrite these present tense sentences into the perfect tense: a. Johannes wohnt in Bonn. b. Miroslav Klose spielt Fußball. c. Einstein entdeckt die Relativitätstheorie. d. Ant und Dec erzählen viele Witze. e. Ich male sehr gern Bilder. f. Wir telefonieren regelmäßig mit unseren Eltern. g. Karl Benz stellt das erste Auto her. sagen to say erwähnen to mention stellento putantworten to answer aufwachen to wake up zuhörento listen telefonieren to phone einführen to introduce Johannes hat in Bonn gewohnt. MK hat Fu ßball gespielt. Einstein hat die Relativitätstheorie entdeckt. Ant und Dec haben viele Witze erzählt. Ich habe sehr gern Bilder gemalt. Wir haben regelm ä ßig mit unseren Eltern telefoniert. Karl Benz hat das erste Auto hergestellt.

Strong/Irregular verbs in the perfect tense There are many strong (irregular) verbs in German. These are verbs like “to catch” in English. “To catch” becomes “caught” in English and not “catched”! Many German verbs have similar changes to this. o Strong verbs form their past participle by adding ge- to the start of the stem o they often have a sound (spelling) change in the middle of the stem. fahren/gefahrensingen/gesungengehen/gegangen Most strong verbs take haben in the perfect tense, but some need sein (if they are verbs of movement from one place to another, change of state and bleiben). Ich habe sehr laut gesungen. Ich bin schnell nach Hause gefahren. You will by now have a strong verb list. Verbs which take sein in the perfect tense are indicated with an asterisk*.

Strong/Irregular verbs and sound changes in the perfect tense Verbs with the sound ei in the middle often change to ie - very confusing for us English people! bleiben/geblieben schreiben/geschrieben steigen/gestiegen leihen/geliehen Find 5 more verbs from your strong verb table which follow this ei-ie pattern. Some sound changes can be worked out if the patterns are learnt. Verbs with the sound i in the middle often change to u - we have this sound change in English. finden/gefunden singen/gesungen sinken/gesunken trinken/getrunken Find 5 more verbs from your strong verb table which follow this i-u pattern. Verbs with the sound ie in the middle often change to o biegen/gebogen fliegen/geflogen gießen/gegossen schieben/geschoben Find 5 more verbs from your strong verb table which follow this ie-o pattern.

Verbs with the sound e in the middle often change to o befehlen/befohlen brechen/gebrochen helfen/geholfen sprechen/gesprochen Find 5 more verbs from your strong verb table which follow this e-o pattern. Unfortunately, a lot of strong verbs need to be learnt off-by-heart! They are called “irregular” verbs for a reason! Don’t wait to be asked to learn the strong verb list. You will find all four skill areas much easier if you know your strong verbs. Make cue cards to help learn them. Put the infinitive on one side and the past participle on the other. Test yourself.

past participle - online practice easy perfect tense with haben - online practice perfect tense with sein - online practice

Check your understanding. das Auto waschen in die Stadt gehen viel Geld ausgeben Oma anrufen etwas Sport treiben früh schlafen Describe what you did at the weekend. Don’t forget that some of the strong verbs will be separable and some will use sein in the perfect tense. Letztes Wochenende ….

Check your understanding. Task from “Key to German Grammar” book. Write the rhymes out using the correct pair of matching past participles from the box. Ich habe nichts …………………………. Du hast aber nicht ………………………… Wann bist du hierher ……………………….? Und was hast du von hier ………………………..? Was haben Sie gestern ……………………….? Ihr Zimmer hat wohl …………………………….! Habt ihr Sport ……………………………? Ich bin zu Hause …………………………… Sie hat das Buch …………………………….. Dann ist sie traurig ………………………………… Er hat mir ……………………………. Dann hat er meinen Teller …………………………… Wir haben ein Lied ………………………….. Dann ist die Katze aus dem Fenster …………………………….. gesungen gesprungen gelesen gewesen getrieben geblieben gemacht gedacht gekommen genommen getrunken gestunken gesprochen gebrochen

Check your understanding. Task from “Key to German Grammar” book. Explain what happened in the following years. Remember that some verbs take sein in the perfect tense, some verbs will be weak and some strong. Don’t forget word order - main verb (haben/sein) must be SECOND IDEA!!! Translate the perfect tense sentences into English der Zweite Weltkrieg beginnt hat der Zweite Weltkrieg begonnen. a die Berliner Mauer fällt. b der erste Mann fliegt zum Mond. c Deutschland gewinnt die Fußballweltmeisterschaft. d Frauen in der Schweiz bekommen das Wahlrecht. e Franz Ferdinand stirbt. f Wagner schreibt “Tristan und Isolde”. g der Zweite Weltkrieg geht zu Ende. a.1989 ist die Berliner Mauer gefallen. (movement) b.1969 ist der erste Mann zum Mond geflogen. (movement) c.1990 hat Deutschland die Fußballweltmeisterschaft gewonnen. d.1960 haben Frauen in der Schweiz das Wahlrecht bekommen. e.1914 ist Franz Ferdinand gestorben. (change of state) f.1865 hat Wagner “Tristan und Isolde” geschrieben. g.1945 ist der Zweite Weltkrieg zu Ende gegangen. (movement) ANSWERS online practice - challenging