Welcome to the START08/Pre-HIPPO Workshop NCAR, Boulder, CO January 8-9, 2008

In-situ Chemistry (NOx) Ozone and Precursors Ozone O2 + h  O3 O3 + h  O(1D) O(1D) + N2O  NO NO  NO2  HNO3 Strato-sphere STE In-situ Chemistry (NOx) NO Tropo-sphere O3 H2OCONOy O3 H2OCONOy

Averaged Ozone Budget (MOZART) Model Dynamics MA-CCM NCEP ECMWF Transport from strat. 343 918 726 Net photoch. production 509 -60 141 Dry Deposition 857 857 865 Burden 362 366 332

GLOBAL BUDGET OF TROPOSPHERIC OZONE (Tg O3 yr-1) IPCC (2006) average of 12 models Chem prod in troposphere 4700±700 Chem loss in troposphere 4200 ±500 Transport from stratosphere 500 ±100 Deposition 1000 ±200 O2 hn O3 Ozone lifetime: 24 ± 4 days STRATOSPHERE 8-18 km TROPOSPHERE hn NO2 NO O3 hn, H2O OH HO2 H2O2 Deposition CO, VOC From Daniel Jacob

Tropospheric Ozone Budget 1600 STE (strat-trop exch) STE L-P L (Loss) 1200 800 475 Tg/year Murphy and Fahey, 1994 McLinden et al., 2000 Ozone flux Tg/yr 400 Alles auf einmal einzoomen. Rechte Seite (insbes. MOZART) am besten -> daher MOZART Resultate gezeigt. Negativer Wert = Produktion und Positiver Wert = Loss. Unterschiede in Loss und Produktion sind abhaengig von der Meteorologie und Chemie. Nur schon Wahl der Winde; z.B. MOZART produziert LOSS mit NCEP Winden (NCAR), aber Produktion mit ECMWF Winden (MPI). Strat-trop exchange varies more than factor of 3 between individual models The net photochemical tendency is somewhat correlated with STE Model may predict net tropospheric production or loss depending on magnitude of STE Combined STE+production – loss (roughly equivalent to surface loss) much more uniform among models Burden varies from 193 Tg (MOZART) to 370 Tg (UIO) with peak near 300 Tg P (Production) -400 -800 KNMI UIO UCI MATCH GCTM ECHAM4 ECHAM/TM3 HARVARD LOGAN, 1981 STOCHEM MOZART2 MOZART1 IMAGES GEOS-CHEM IPCC (2001) and other sources

The Tropopause

Identifying and quantifying exchange processes In situ CO and ozone From DC8 Ozone MOZART-3 Lidar ozone (Pan et al., 2003)

THETA=362K Greenland Iceland

GV Capabilities ** Data shown are for HIAPER (GV Serial Number 677) ** Maximum Range: 6,055 nm (11,214 km) Maximum Cruise Altitude: 51,000 ft (15,545 m) Maximum Scientific Payload: 6,600 lbs (2,994 kg) Typical Zero Fuel Weight: 53,679 lbs (24,349 kg) Maximum Mission Fuel: 37,221 lbs (16,883 kg) Maximum Ramp Weight: 90,900 lbs (41,232 kg) Maximum Takeoff Weight: 90,500 lbs (41,051 kg)

The Tropopause: Science and Art