Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Carbon Pro Transnational Guidelines on Models for Carbon Balance Bernhard Felbermeier

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 How do we observe carbon ? Time resolution Spatial resolution Direct CO 2 Measurement highlow Indirect Measurement lowhigh

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Why do we need models ? Local scaleRegional scale Direct CO 2 Measurement Calculation of carbon balances Upscaling from local values to regional estimates Indirect Measurement

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Kyoto requirements: Land use objectives (Kyoto Protocol) Art. 3.3 –Afforestation: conversion of non-forested land not been forested more than 50 years –Reforestation: conversion of non-forested land not been forested since 50 years –Deforestation: conversion of forested land to nonforested land Art. 3.4 –Management: Sustainable management including ecological, social and economic objectives

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Kyoto requirements: Carbon Pools (2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories) Biomass –above-ground –below-ground biomass Dead organic matter –dead wood –litter Soil organic matter

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Objective of the Guidelines

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Contents 1.Carbon Pro Project 2.Kyoto protocol and carbon balance 3.Introduction to the Guidelines 4.Identification and choice of the models for carbon balance 1.Short description of models used in Carbon Pro project 1.CO2 FIX 2.BIOME-BGC 3.GOTILWA+ 4.ROTH C 5.WBE 6.GORCAM Models comparison 1.Inputs 2.Outputs 3.Pools 4.Budget 5.Other important information 6.Strengths and weaknesses 5.References

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Description of models: Introduction (example Biome-BGC) Biome-BGC is a process based mechanistic biogeochemical model that can be used to simulate carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes of different terrestrial ecosystems (deciduous and evergreen forests, grasslands, shrubs) (Running and Hunt, 1993). Recently some researchers start to evaluate it for croplands. Biome-BGC is based on a daily time step. Biome-BGC parameterisation is very well documented (White et al., 2000) and the model has been calibrated for a large variety of ecosystems and scales (cfr. White et al., 2000; Mollicone et al, 2003, Churkina et al, 2003).

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Description of models (example Biome-BGC)

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Description of models: Input (example Biome-BGC) Biome-BGC requires three groups of information: meteorological data, geomorphologic and soil site characteristics and vegetation eco-physiological parameters. Meteorological data The following meteorological variables are required by Biome-BGC: Daily maximum temperature (°C) Daily minimum temperature (°C) Daylight average temperature (°C) Daily total precipitation (cm) Daylight average partial pressure of water vapour (Pa) Daylight average short-wave radiant flux density (W/m2) Daylight length (s) Where only maximum and minimum temperatures, together with the rain amount, are available, then a proper data generator must be adopted to obtain the others variables. Many tools are available: Climatica (Danuso e Sandra, 2005: Danuso, 2002), MT-Clim (Hungerford et al, 1989), produced by same group that develop Biome-BGC, Clim-gen (Nick et al, 94; Stockle et al, 1998), now embedded in Cropsyst suite distribution.

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Description of models: Input (example Biome-BGC) Site geomorphologic and soil characteristics A description, in terms of geographical and soil characteristics have to be given, using the following list of variables. Site elevation (m) and latitude (degrees) Site short-wave albedo (-) Total atmospheric deposition of N (kgN/m2/yr) Total fixation of N (kgN/m2/yr) Effective soil depth (m) Sand /silt/ clay % by volume in rock-free soil Initially soil water content (% on saturation) First-year maximum leaf/stem carbon (kgC/m2) Coarse woody debris carbon (kgC/m2) Litter carbon, labile pool (kgC/m2), unshielded cellulose pool (kgC/m2), shielded cellulose pool (kgC/m2), lignin pool (kgC/m2) Soil carbon, fast microbial recycling pool (kgC/m2), medium microbial recycling pool (kgC/m2), slow microbial recycling pool (kgC/m2), recalcitrant SOM (slowest) (kgC/m2) Litter nitrogen, labile pool (kgN/m2) Soil nitrogen, mineral pool (kgN/m2)

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Description of models: Input (example Biome-BGC) Vegetation eco-physiological parameters Biome-BGC builds a vegetation configuration using the following list of parameters. For a detailed description of such list a web page is available in Biome-BGC web site. The following list is used to build the vegetation configuration file. Many different configurations are yet available on the Biome BGC site, but a specific calibration for each experiment is advised in order to obtain significant outputs. Year day to start new growth (when phenology flag = 0) Year day to end litterfall (when phenology flag = 0) Transfer growth period as fraction of growing season (-) Litterfall as fraction of growing season (-) Annual leaf and fine root/wood turnover fraction (1/yr) Annual whole-plant mortality fraction (1/yr) and annual fire mortality fraction (1/yr) New fine root C: new leaf C (Allocation) (-) New stem C: new leaf C (Allocation) (-) New live wood C: new total wood C (Allocation) (-) New root C: new stem C (Allocation) (-) Current growth proportion (Allocation) (-) …

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Description of models: Output (example Biome-BGC) Biome-BGC provides three time specific outputs: daily, monthly and yearly. Output settings and formats can be managed by the user (cfr Biome-BGC Users guide). However there is a set of standard variable, on annual scale, that Biome-BGC produces as output for a common simulation without settings. Some of these are simply a synthetic annual view of input data. ann PRCP = annual total precipitation (mm/yr) ann Tavg = annual average air temperature (deg C) max LAI = annual maximum value of projected leaf area index (m2/m2) ann ET = annual total evapo-transpiration (mm/yr) ann OF = annual total outflow (mm/yr) ann NPP = annual total net primary production (gC/m2/yr) ann NPB = annual total net biome production (gC/m2/yr) To this simple set, it is very simple to add gross primary production, maintenance respiration, growth respiration, heterotrophic respiration, total vegetation C, total litter C, total soil C, total daily litterfall.

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Description of models: Availability (example Biome-BGC) Model and relative technical documentation are freely available to the public and can be downloaded from the website: In the website its possible to find also example input and initialisation data, meteorological data for many WMO sites and an excel version of the model. The Biome-BGC version code is copyrighted. You may not make copies of any part of the code for distribution to any other person or group. However, anyone can get a free copy of the code from the NTSG website: (go to the "Models to Download" section). The reason for this restriction is that the developers want to keep track of who has what version of the public release benchmark code, so that they can let our user community know when there are updates. If you use Biome-BGC in your research, the developers request that you include the following acknowledgement in the relevant manuscripts.

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Contents 1.Carbon Pro Project 2.Kyoto protocol and carbon balance 3.Introduction to the Guidelines 4.Identification and choice of the models for carbon balance 1.Short description of models used in Carbon Pro project 1.CO2 FIXb 2.BIOME-BGC 3.GOTILWA+ 4.ROTH C 5.WBE 6.GORCAM 2.Models comparison 1.Inputs 2.Outputs 3.Pools 4.Budget 5.Other important information 6.Strengths and weaknesses 5.References

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Models comparison: Input tables General information, Vegetational and physiologic data Soil data Litter data Meteorological data Geomorphologic data Products data

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Models comparison: Output tables Vegetational and eco-physiologic outputs Soil outputs Meteorological outputs Product outputs

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Models comparison: Pools

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Models comparison: Budget (example Biome-BGC)

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Models comparison: Other important information

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Models comparison: Strengths and weaknesses

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 CarbonPro Sources Guidelines project homepage: Models Metadatabase via project homepage

Lehrstuhl für Waldbau, Technische Universität MünchenLjubljana, 19. Oktober 2007 Thank you for your attention !