Design Patterns Ein Muster (pattern) ist eine Idee, die sich in einem praktischen Kontext als nützlich erwiesen hat und dies auch in anderen sein wird. Pattern unterstützen die Lösung von Anwendungsproblemen, indem sie für typische Teilprobleme erprobte Lösungsansätze bereitstellen. Das Erkennen solcher Pattern ist jedoch schwierig und erfordert Übung. Ein Pattern ist eine Gruppe von Klassen mit feststehenden Verantwortlichkeiten und Interaktionen. Es kann eine Gruppe von Klassen sein, die durch Beziehungen verknüpft ist, oder eine Gruppe von kommunizierenden Objekten.

Design Patterns It starts with a simple SimUDuck application: Improve the application: make ducks fly

Design Patterns Then something went wrong: a rubberduck was flying other classes are added to the app. Override quack() to squeak Override fly() to do nothing Override quack() to do nothing Override fly() to do nothing Is inheritance a good solution ???

Design Patterns The solution could be an interface: Is this a good solution ???

Design Patterns Design Principle: Identify the aspects of your application that vary and separate them from what stays the same Design Principle: Program to an interface, not to an implementation fly() and quack() are the parts of the SimUDuck application that vary across ducks. The solution is to create a set of new classes to represent each behaviour

Design Patterns Implementing the duck behaviors: With this design, other types of objects can reuse the behavior-classes New behaviors can be added without modifying any existing classes

Design Patterns Integrating the duck behaviors: First add two instance variables to the class Duck Then implement a method that performs the behavior public class MallardDuck extends Duck { public MallardDuck () { quackBehavior = new Quack(); flyBehavior = new FlyWithWings(); } public class Duck { protected QuackBehavior quackBehavior; public void performQuack() { quackBehavoir.quack(); }

Design Patterns The big picture the strategy pattern Client fly behavior quack behavior

Design Patterns Design Principle: Favor composition over inheritance. Composition defines a HAS-A relationship between two classes HAS-A can be better than IS-A For the SimUDuck application the composition can be found between the classes Duck and FlyBehavior