The perfect tense.

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 Präsentation transkript:

The perfect tense

The perfect tense The perfect tense is used to talk about things that have happened in the past. In English this is: I played I have played I did play

The perfect tense In German they are all translated in one way. I have played So this is what we will concentrate on.

Haben First of all we need to know the verb ‘to have’ in German. ich habe I have du hast you have (familiar singular) er hat he has sie hat she has es hat it has wir haben we have ihr habt you have (familiar plural) Sie haben you have (polite) sie haben they have

Past participle Then you need to find the past participle (the played part of the verb) Find the infinitive: (the ‘to’ part of the verb) machen – to do lesen – to read 2. Add ge- to the front and take off the -en: gemach- geles- 3. Add either –t or –en to the verb: gemacht (regular) gelesen (irregular)

The past participle Some infinitives are even more irregular. essen - to eat - gegessen trinken - to drink - getrunken schreiben - to write - geschrieben gehen - to go - gegangen schwimmen - to swim - geschwommen fliegen - to fly - geflogen bleiben - to stay - geblieben

Formation Then you add the past participle onto the correct part of haben. I have done/I did Machen  to do  gemacht (done) Ich habe gemacht I have done

The perfect tense Now try and write the following in German. Spielen (you familiar singular) Kaufen (he) Machen (they) Hören (she) Lesen (we) Schlafen (you polite) Sehen I

Answers: Du hast gespielt Er hat gekauft Sie haben gemacht Sie hat gehört Wir haben gelesen Sie haben geschlafen Ich habe gesehen

The perfect tense (sein) Some verbs take ‘sein’ not ‘haben’. These are usually verbs of movement or change of state.

The perfect tense (sein) gehen to go gegangen fahren gefahren kommen to come gekommen schwimmen to swim geschwommen fliegen to fly geflogen bleiben to stay geblieben laufen to run gelaufen sterben to die gestorben werden to become geworden abfahren to go away Abgefahren

Sein First of all we need to know the verb ‘to be’ in German. ich bin I am du bist you are (familiar singular) er ist he is sie ist she is es ist it is wir sind we are ihr seid you are (plural familiar) Sie sind you are (polite) sie sind they are

The perfect tense (sein) The rest is exactly the same. Find the past participle fahren  gefahren Add it to the correct part of ‘sein’ ich bin gefahren.

The perfect tense Now try and write the following in German. fahren (you familiar singular) laufen (he) bleiben (they) gehen (she) sterben (we) schwimmen (you polite) fliegen I

Answers: Du bist gefahren Er ist gelaufen Sie sind geblieben Sie ist gegangen Wir sind gestorben Sie sind geschwommen Ich bin geflogen

The perfect tense (summary) 1. Find the correct part of ‘haben’ or ‘sein’. HABEN ich habe wir haben du hast ihr habt er/sie/es hat Sie/sie haben SEIN ich bin wir sind du bist ihr seid er/sie/es ist Sie/sie sind 2. Find the past participle Machen  to do  gemacht (done) 3. Add them together Ich habe gemacht I have done Ich bin gefahren I have gone