Adjektiven und Adverbien Endungen. Das prädikativ gebrauchte Adjektiv Predicate adjectives follow the verbs sein, werden or bleiben. The modify the subject.

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 Präsentation transkript:

Adjektiven und Adverbien Endungen

Das prädikativ gebrauchte Adjektiv Predicate adjectives follow the verbs sein, werden or bleiben. The modify the subject of the sentence. They never add declensional endings. –Der Koch ist neu. –Das Restaurant wird jetzt französisch. –Hoffentlich bleibt das Essen gut.

Das attributive Adjektiv Attributive adjectives precede the nouns they modify. The declensional ending they have depend on the gender, number, and case of the nouns they modify. The endings are also determined by whether the adjectives are preceded by (1) a definite article or der-word, (2) and indefinite article or ein-word, or (3) no article, der-word or ein-word.

Der-words Dies- Jed- Jen- Manch- Solch- Welch-

Ein-words kein Possessive adjectives –mein –dein –sein –ihr –unser –euer –ihr –Ihr

Omission of the noun When a noun is omitted, the adjective is the same as though the noun were there. Note that in English the word one(s) is added when the noun is missing. –Welches Hemd willst du? Ich nehme das blaue. –Was für ein Hemd willst du? Ich möchte ein blaues.

Das unbestimmte Zahlwort andere (other; different) einige (a few, several, some) mehrere (several) viele (many) wenige (few, not many)

Adjectives following indefinite adjectives The indefinite adjectives andere, einige, mehrere, viele and wenige are in the plural and suggest indefinite quantities. When these adjectives are followed by attributive adjectives, they behave like adjectives in a series, i.e., they both have the same endings. –Einige neue Kollegen kommen aus Indien. –In unserer Firma gibt es jetzt viele qualifizierte Computerspezialisten.

“viel” and “wenig” Viele and wenige also have singular forms “viel” and “wenig” In the singular viel and wenig have no endings –Die meisten haben viel Computerkenntnisse, aber sprechen noch relativ wenig Deutsch.

“alle” and “beide” alle = all (not to be confused with “alles” = everything) beide = both An attributive adjective following either of these has the ending –en. –Herr Bazrur und Frau Shamir haben alle nötigen Papiere um hier arbeiten zu können. –Die Familien beider indischen Kollegen kommen bald auch nach Deutschland.

Adjectives used as nouns Many adjectives can be used as nouns in German. They retain the adjective endings and are capitalized. –Das ist ein Bekannter. (Mann) –Das ist eine Bekannte. (Frau) –Das sind meine guten Bekannten. (Leute) –Gute Bekannte haben wir gern zu Besuch.

Common nouns derived from adjectives der/die Angestellte Behinderte Bekannte Deutsche Erwachsene Fremde Jugendliche Verwandte

Adjectives expressing abstractions Adjectives expressing abstractions (the good, the bad, the ugly) are considered neuter nouns. They frequently follow words such as etwas, nichts, viel and wenig and take the ending –es. (etwas Gutes) Note that adjectives following alles have an –e (alles Gute) Neuter nouns are capitalized, except for anderes: etwas anderes

The adjective “hoch” Hoch becomes hoh- when it takes an ending. –Das ist aber ein hoher Preis! –Wir haben den hohen Hügel geklettert.

Adjectives ending in –el or –er Adjectives ending in –el or –er omit the “e” when the adjective takes an ending. –Dabei ist das doch ein ziemlich dunkles Haus. –Aber München ist eben eine teure Stadt.

Present participles as adjectives Present participles describe an ongoing action. In German present participles are formed by adding –d to the infinitive. (schlafend) In English present participles end in –ing (sleeping) Present participles used as attributive adjectives take adjective endings –die schlafende Katze –ein lachendes Kind

Past participles as adjectives Past participles describe a completed action. Past participles used as attributive adjectives take endings –Nimmst du zu Mehmets Geburtstag einen selbst gebackenen Kuchen mit? –Nein, ich habe eine gekaufte Torte für ihn.