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Verben Wiederholung Deutsch III Notizen
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Essential Terms infinitive: the basic form of a verb; the way you find it in the dictionary; they all end in -en stem: the basic "meaning" part of the verb; the infinitive minus the final -en ending: the letter(s) added to the stem that match a given subject conjugate: to put the correct endings on a verb participle: the form of the verb that is used with "haben" or "sein" to show the past, as in "ich habe gelernt,“ or "er ist gegangen".
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Das Präsens (Present Tense)
Present Tense Endings: ich = -e du = -st er/sie/es = -t wir = -en ihr = -t Sie/sie = -en
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Helping Verbs Haben Sein ich = bin ich = habe du = bist du = hast
er/sie/es = ist wir = sind ihr = seid Sie/sie = sind ich = habe du = hast er/sie/es = hat wir = haben ihr = habt Sie/sie = haben
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Stem-Changing Verbs What I call “funky” verbs
Stem-changing verbs = the vowel of the stem (and sometimes some consonants as well) changes in the “du” and “er/sie/es” forms ONLY Possible vowel changes: a ä e i e ie
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Stem-Changing Verbs Fahren Geben Sehen ich = du = er/sie/es = wir =
ihr = Sie/sie = ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie = ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie =
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Stem-Changing Verbs A few more popular stem-changing verbs: nehmen:
lesen: fahren: schlafen: laufen:
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6 Modal Verbs and “Wissen”
Have different rules/patterns Stems: For all but sollen there’s a stem change in ALL 3 SINGULAR FORMS Endings: No endings at all in the “ich” and “er/sie/es” forms
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Modal Verbs Müssen Können Wollen ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr =
Sie/sie = ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie = ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie =
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Modal Verbs Sollen Dürfen Mögen ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr =
Sie/sie = ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie = ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie =
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“Wissen” Wissen ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie =
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Futur “werden” = will Pattern = werden (conjugated) + infinitive (at the end) Werden ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie =
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Futur Example: “I will go to town this afternoon.”
Remember your WORD ORDER = time + manner + place Translation: How else would we say this? Germans are the same way… How about – “I’m going to town this afternoon.” Translation:
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Das Perfekt Meanings in English:
Perfect tense Past perfect tense Conversational past Formation = helping verb (2nd slot of sentence; conjugated) + past participle (end of sentence) Most verbs use haben as the helping verb
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Das Perfekt Sein is used with a:
Change of location Change of condition/state of being (ex: sterben) Exceptions: bleiben (to stay) and sein itself
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Das Perfekt Das Partizip (Past Participle):
Weak verbs = ge + stem + -t Strong verbs = ge + stem** + -(e)n **Some strong verbs change the stem used in the past participle these just have to be memorized Hybrid verbs = ge + changed stem (like strong verbs) + -t (like weak verbs)
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Das Perfekt If the verb has a separable prefix, then the “ge” goes between the prefix and the stem Examples: If the basic word is not accented at the beginning, there is no “ge” in the past participle Examples: Präsens Perfekt mitmachen mitgemacht aufstehen aufgestanden mitkommen mitgekommen Präsens Perfekt studieren studiert besuchen besucht verstehen verstanden
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Über Wir!!! Verb "ge-" at the beginning (most verbs)
No "ge-" (unaccented) "ge-" between separable prefix and stem kommen dekorieren erleben zumachen sagen beginnen einkaufen aufsteigen schreiben
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