Verben Wiederholung Deutsch III Notizen

Essential Terms infinitive: the basic form of a verb; the way you find it in the dictionary; they all end in -en stem: the basic "meaning" part of the verb; the infinitive minus the final -en ending: the letter(s) added to the stem that match a given subject conjugate: to put the correct endings on a verb participle: the form of the verb that is used with "haben" or "sein" to show the past, as in "ich habe gelernt,“ or "er ist gegangen".

Das Präsens (Present Tense) Present Tense Endings: ich = -e du = -st er/sie/es = -t wir = -en ihr = -t Sie/sie = -en

Helping Verbs Haben Sein ich = bin ich = habe du = bist du = hast er/sie/es = ist wir = sind ihr = seid Sie/sie = sind ich = habe du = hast er/sie/es = hat wir = haben ihr = habt Sie/sie = haben

Stem-Changing Verbs What I call “funky” verbs Stem-changing verbs = the vowel of the stem (and sometimes some consonants as well) changes in the “du” and “er/sie/es” forms ONLY Possible vowel changes: a  ä e  i e  ie

Stem-Changing Verbs Fahren Geben Sehen ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie = ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie = ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie =

Stem-Changing Verbs A few more popular stem-changing verbs: nehmen: lesen: fahren: schlafen: laufen:

6 Modal Verbs and “Wissen” Have different rules/patterns Stems: For all but sollen  there’s a stem change in ALL 3 SINGULAR FORMS Endings: No endings at all in the “ich” and “er/sie/es” forms

Modal Verbs Müssen Können Wollen ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie = ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie = ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie =

Modal Verbs Sollen Dürfen Mögen ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie = ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie = ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie =

“Wissen” Wissen ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie =

Futur “werden” = will Pattern = werden (conjugated) + infinitive (at the end) Werden ich = du = er/sie/es = wir = ihr = Sie/sie =

Futur Example: “I will go to town this afternoon.” Remember your WORD ORDER = time + manner + place Translation: How else would we say this?  Germans are the same way… How about – “I’m going to town this afternoon.” Translation:

Das Perfekt Meanings in English: Perfect tense Past perfect tense Conversational past Formation = helping verb (2nd slot of sentence; conjugated) + past participle (end of sentence) Most verbs use haben as the helping verb

Das Perfekt Sein is used with a: Change of location Change of condition/state of being (ex: sterben) Exceptions: bleiben (to stay) and sein itself

Das Perfekt Das Partizip (Past Participle): Weak verbs = ge + stem + -t Strong verbs = ge + stem** + -(e)n **Some strong verbs change the stem used in the past participle  these just have to be memorized  Hybrid verbs = ge + changed stem (like strong verbs) + -t (like weak verbs)

Das Perfekt If the verb has a separable prefix, then the “ge” goes between the prefix and the stem Examples: If the basic word is not accented at the beginning, there is no “ge” in the past participle Examples: Präsens Perfekt mitmachen mitgemacht aufstehen aufgestanden mitkommen mitgekommen Präsens Perfekt studieren studiert besuchen besucht verstehen verstanden

Über Wir!!! Verb "ge-" at the beginning (most verbs) No "ge-" (unaccented) "ge-" between separable prefix and stem kommen   dekorieren erleben zumachen sagen beginnen einkaufen aufsteigen schreiben