Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006 Discovery of a cool 5.5 Earth-mass planet through gravitational.

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Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006 Discovery of a cool 5.5 Earth-mass planet through gravitational microlensing Arnaud Cassan Astronomisches Rechen-Institut (ARI), Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH)

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006 The microlensing effect Observer lens planesource plane Source < mas Image

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006 Magnification: u Magnification curves Einstein ring radius: (t-t 0 )/t E The single lens case

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006 Image separation : Einstein radius crossing time : Maximum amplification : unresolved images ! Flux magnification monitoring

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006 Why a network of telescopes ? Ongoing microlensing events alerted by OGLE, MOA (EROS, MACHO) Days Follow-up network : PLANET collaboration

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006 Homebase : - light curves modeling - observational strategy - public alerts - anomaly predictions Observatories Raw data ( on-line reduction ) Data reduction pipeline Observational strategy

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006 Beaulieu et al., 2006, Nature 439, OGLE 2005-BLG-390Lb : a cool 5.5 Earth-mass planet

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006 OGLE-2005-BLG-390

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006 What we know from the unique modeling Planet/star mass ratio : q = m p / M * = (7.6 ± 0.7) x Instantaneous separation/Re : d = r phys / R E = 1.61 ± 0.01 Source star distance : D S = 8.5 kpc Einstein ring crossing time : t E = 11.0 ± 0.1 days R E = v t t E = 1/c [ 4GM * D L (1-D L /D S ) ] 1/2

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006 The mass of OGLE 2005-BLG-390Lb

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006 Deriving physical parameters Planet mass & orbit : m p = Earth-mass a p = AU Host star : M * = M sol Lens distance : D L = 6.6 ± 1 kpc

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006 Microlensing event OGLE 2005-BLG-390: A cool and distant planet of 5.5 Earth masses third planet discovered through microlensing lowest-mass extra-solar planet so far, with large separation support of core-accretion theory of planet formation : – discovery despite low sensitivity such low mass extra-solar planets are most likely very common microlensing searches will be able to measure the frequency of extra-solar planets ultimately (especially around M-dwarfs)

Arnaud Cassan ( ARI / ZAH Heidelberg ) 4th Planet Formation Workshop MPIA, 1 st March 2006