Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form

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 Präsentation transkript:

Present Perfect Tense Present perfect form haben und sein as auxiliary verbs Modals in the present perfect Weak, irregular, strong verbs Usage

Present perfect tense form auxiliary verb + past participle of main verb haben (auxiliary) + gemacht (past participle) Or sein (auxiliary) + gegangen (past participle) Ich bin in die Vorlesung gegangen

Haben oder Sein? When is the auxiliary verb haben? when is it sein? The auxiliary is haben... if the verb takes a direct object (“transitive verb”) Ich habe das Lehrbuch gekauft.

Haben oder Sein? The auxiliary is sein... if the verb does not take a direct object (“intransitive verb”) And if the verb expresses change of motion or condition Ich bin spät ins Bett gegangen Ich bin schnell eingeschlafen

Haben oder Sein? Exceptions to rule: bleiben und sein do not express change of condition but do take sein as auxiliary: Ich bin zu Hause geblieben Er ist immer ein fleißiger Student gewesen.

Modals in the present perfect tense Modals used without an infinitive: haben + past participle present tense: Ich muss in die Bibliothek. present perfect: Ich habe in die Bibliothek gemusst

Modals in the present perfect tense Modals used with an infinitive (less common): the “double infinitive”: Ich habe die Klausur nicht schreiben können. Note: The auxiliary verb is always haben. The modal comes after the main verb

Weak verbs: form Prefix: ge- Ending: -t standard form: kaufen gekauft separable prefixes: einkaufen eingekauft inseparable prefixes: verkaufen verkauft verbs w/ -ieren: studieren studiert

Irregular weak verbs: principle parts Stem changing verbs with weak endings: kennen--kannte--hat gekannt bringen--brachte--hat gebracht wissen--wusste--hat gewusst können--konnte--hat gekonnt

Strong verbs: principle parts The principle parts of strong verbs are stem-changing and take an -en ending Ich habe die Hausarbeit geschrieben.

Categories of strong verbs The stem changes of strong verbs can be broken down into seven major categories:

Categories of strong verbs Category I a) ei – ie – ie schreiben – schrieb – geschrieben b) ei – i (short) – i (short) reißen – riss – gerissen

Categories of strong verbs Category II a) ie – o – o bieten – bot – geboten b) ie – o (short) – o (short) schießen – schoss – geschossen (several variations of this form exist)

Categories of strong verbs Category III a) i – a – u finden – fand – gefunden b) i – a – o schwimmen – schwamm – geschwommen

Categories of strong verbs Category IV a) e – a – o stehlen – stahl – gestohlen b) e – a (long) – o (short) brechen – brach – gebrochen c) e – a (short) – o (short) werfen – warf – geworfen

Categories of strong verbs Category V. a) e – a – e lesen – las – gelesen b) i – a (long) – e (short) sitzen – saß – gesessen

Categories of strong verbs Category VI a) a – u – a fahren – fuhr – gefahren b) e – a – a stehen – stand – gestanden

Categories of strong verbs Category VII a) a – ie – a schlafen – schlief – geschlafen b) au – ie – au laufen – lief – gelaufen

Present perfect tense: usage The present perfect tense is the most common way to express past tense events in conversation The simple past tense is used for narrating a story (mainly in writing).

Present perfect tense: usage Exceptions: The verbs haben and sein usally take simple past forms in conversation: warst du gestern zu Hause? Ich hatte kein Geld.

Present perfect tense: usage Exceptions: The modals, wissen, and denken are often used in the simple past in conversation: Ich konnte gestern nicht ausgehen Das wusste ich doch!

Present perfect tense: usage Exceptions: The modals, wissen, and denken are often used in the simple past in conversation: Ich konnte gestern nicht ausgehen Das wusste ich doch! Ich dachte, du wolltest mit mir ausgehen?